Less frequent skin ulcers among patients with Werner syndrome treated with pioglitazone: findings from the Japanese Werner Syndrome Registry.

Background And Aim: Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive, adult-onset, progeroid syndrome caused by mutations. As refractory skin ulcers significantly affect the quality of life of patients with WS, this study identified ulcer risk factors and assessed prevention methods.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 51 patients with WS enrolled in the Japanese Werner Syndrome Registry between 2016 and 2022.

Negative urgency as a state-level process.

Objective: Test whether global self-reports of urgency moderated the within-person associations of affect and impulsive behaviors.

Background: Negative urgency is a personality trait that is a risk factor for a range of psychopathology. Although it is assumed that global self-reports of urgency measure individual tendencies to act more impulsively in the face of negative emotions, evidence from ecological momentary assessment studies is mixed.

Null regions: a unified conceptual framework for statistical inference.

Ruling out the possibility that there is absolutely no effect or association between variables may be a good first step, but it is rarely the ultimate goal of science. Yet that is the only inference provided by traditional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), which has been a mainstay of many scientific fields. Reliance on NHST also makes it difficult to define what it means to replicate a finding, and leads to an uncomfortable quandary in which increasing precision in data reduces researchers' ability to perform theory falsification.

No evidence for trait- and state-level urgency moderating the daily association between negative affect and subsequent alcohol use in two college samples.

It remains unclear whether the negative reinforcement pathway to problematic drinking exists, and if so, for whom. One idea that has received some support recently is that people who tend to act impulsively in response to negative emotions (i.e.

How Candidates' Age and Gender Predict Voter Preference in a Hypothetical Election.

Are preferences for political candidates influenced by how old they appear to be? Amazon Mechanical Turk workers and undergraduate students were shown photos of 93 state legislators as candidates in hypothetical elections. Other information about the candidates (e.g.

Predicting mid-life capital formation with pre-school delay of gratification and life-course measures of self-regulation.

How well do pre-school delay of gratification and life-course measures of self-regulation predict mid-life capital formation? We surveyed 113 participants of the 1967-1973 Bing pre-school studies on delay of gratification when they were in their late 40's. They reported 11 mid-life capital formation outcomes, including net worth, permanent income, absence of high-interest debt, forward-looking behaviors, and educational attainment. To address multiple hypothesis testing and our small sample, we pre-registered an analysis plan of well-powered tests.

Time gap between the onset and diagnosis in Werner syndrome: a nationwide survey and the 2020 registry in Japan.

Patients with Werner syndrome present with diverse signs of aging that begin in adolescence. A Japanese nationwide survey was conducted to establish a registry that could clarify the disease profile of patients with Werner syndrome. The questionnaires were sent to 7888 doctors.

Successful management of severe asthma in a young boy with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis who received omalizumab: a case report.

Background: The incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has recently increased in Japan and other East Asian countries, and this disease is called eosinophilic chronic sinusitis (ECRS) in Japan. ECRS usually occurs in adults and is frequently accompanied by refractory bronchial asthma. However, its occurrence in children under 10 years of age is rare.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based Growth Mindset Intervention to Enhance the Effectiveness of a Smartphone App for Smoking Cessation.

Background: Although smartphone apps have shown promise for smoking cessation, there is a need to enhance their low engagement rates. This study evaluated the application of the growth mindset theory, which has demonstrated the potential to improve persistence in behavior change in other domains, as a means to improve engagement and cessation.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the feasibility, utility, and efficacy of a Web-based growth mindset intervention for addiction when used alongside a smoking cessation app.

Addiction Mindsets and Psychological Processes of Quitting Smoking.

Background: Lay belief systems about the malleability of human attributes have been shown to impact behavior change in multiple domains. Addiction mindset-i.e.

Expanding the interpretive power of psychological science by attending to culture.

A lack of interpretive power (i.e., the ability to understand individuals' experiences and behaviors in relation to their cultural contexts) undermines psychology's understanding of diverse psychological phenomena.

Cohort effects in children's delay of gratification.

In the 1960s at Stanford University's Bing Preschool, children were given the option of taking an immediate, smaller reward or receiving a delayed, larger reward by waiting until the experimenter returned. Since then, the "Marshmallow Test" has been used in numerous studies to assess delay of gratification. Yet, no prior study has compared the performance of children across the decades.

Observation-Oriented Modeling: Going Beyond "Is It All a Matter of Chance"?

An alternative to null hypothesis significance testing is presented and discussed. This approach, referred to as observation-oriented modeling, is centered on model building in an effort to explicate the structures and processes believed to generate a set of observations. In terms of analysis, this novel approach complements traditional methods based on means, variances, and covariances with methods of pattern detection and analysis.

Constraints on generality statements are needed to define direct replication.

Whether or not a replication attempt counts as "direct" often cannot be determined definitively after the fact as a result of flexibility in how procedural differences are interpreted. Specifying constraints on generality in original articles can eliminate ambiguity in advance, thereby leading to a more cumulative science.

Constraints on Generality (COG): A Proposed Addition to All Empirical Papers.

Psychological scientists draw inferences about populations based on samples-of people, situations, and stimuli-from those populations. Yet, few papers identify their target populations, and even fewer justify how or why the tested samples are representative of broader populations. A cumulative science depends on accurately characterizing the generality of findings, but current publishing standards do not require authors to constrain their inferences, leaving readers to assume the broadest possible generalizations.

Enhancing Stress Management Coping Skills Using Induced Affect and Collaborative Daily Assessment.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the use of induced affect (IA) and collaborative (therapeutic) assessment (CA) as components of Cognitive-Affective Stress Management Training (CASMT). IA is a technique for rehearsing cognitive and physical relaxationcoping skills under conditions of high affective arousal, which has been shown to result in high levels of coping self-efficacy. CA provides diary-based feedback to clients about the processes underlying theirstress experiences and helps identify affect-arousing experiences to be targeted by IA.

An approach to test for individual differences in the effects of situations without using moderator variables.

The effects of situations may vary importantly across people. If the relevant individual difference variables are known, moderation analyses can test for this possibility. But what if the moderators are not measured or are unknown? We demonstrated how a Highly-Repeated Within-Person (HRWP) design can be used to answer this question, by examining the effect of support seekers' expressions of distress separately for each participant.

The majority of generalized pustular psoriasis without psoriasis vulgaris is caused by deficiency of interleukin-36 receptor antagonist.

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare inflammatory skin disease that can be life-threatening. Recently, it has been reported that familial GPP is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of IL36RN. However, the majority of GPP cases are sporadic and it is controversial whether IL36RN mutations are a causative/predisposing factor for sporadic GPP.

Dimensionality of brain networks linked to life-long individual differences in self-control.

The ability to delay gratification in childhood has been linked to positive outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Here we examine a subsample of participants from a seminal longitudinal study of self-control throughout a subject's life span. Self-control, first studied in children at age 4 years, is now re-examined 40 years later, on a task that required control over the contents of working memory.