Total ankle replacement in the varus ankle.

Treatment of ankle varus with total ankle replacement (TAR) lacks consensus regarding the limits of deformity that can be managed successfully without recurrence. With newer anatomic prosthetic designs and a comprehensive surgical approach, treatment of frontal plane deformities with implant arthroplasty has gained acceptance. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the outcome and compare correction of large frontal plane varus deformities with TAR using 2 different replacement systems.

Prognostic value of body mass index in patients undergoing nephrectomy for localized renal tumors.

Objectives: To identify whether the body mass index (BMI) has any adverse effect on the prognosis of patients with established renal cell carcinoma, given the increasing prevalence of obesity and the rising incidence of renal cell carcinoma in the United States.

Methods: We reviewed the records of patients who underwent nephrectomy for localized disease between 1985 and 1998 at our institution. Patients were grouped according to BMI as normal (less than 25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to 30 kg/m2), or obese (more than 30 kg/m2).

Numerical simulation of the excitation of a Helmholtz resonator by a grazing flow.

The process of noise generation in a flow-excited Helmholtz resonator involves strong interaction between a time-dependent fluid flow and acoustic resonance. Quantitative prediction of this effect, requiring accurate prediction of time-dependent features of a flow over complex three-dimensional bodies, turbulence modeling, compressibility and Mach number effects, is one of the major challenges to computational fluid dynamics. In this paper a numerical procedure based on the lattice kinetic equation, combined with the RNG turbulence model, is applied to describe a well-controlled experiment on acoustic resonance excitation by a grazing flow [Nelson et al.

Extended Boltzmann kinetic equation for turbulent flows.

Complex fluid physics can be modeled using an extended kinetic (Boltzmann) equation in a more efficient way than using the continuum Navier-Stokes equations. Here, we explain this method for modeling fluid turbulence and show its effectiveness with the use of a computationally efficient implementation in terms of a discrete or "lattice" Boltzmann equation.