Tenofovir-Associated Kidney Dysfunction and Bone Fracture: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Tenofovir is an integral part of antiretroviral therapy used to treat HIV. Long-term use of tenofovir has been associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate, leading to chronic kidney disease, as well as acidosis, electrolyte imbalances, and tubular dysfunction. Tenofovir can also disrupt bone health by decreasing renal phosphate absorption, contributing to osteomalacia.

Profile of chronic kidney disease from a nephrology underserviced region in North Eastern India: a preliminary report from a single center in Assam.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem affecting at least 10% of the world's population. CKD represents especially a large burden in low- to middle-income countries that are ill equipped to deal with its consequences. The burden of CKD is increasing in India as well.

The pressing need for integrated nephrology services in Northeastern India.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem with an estimated prevalence ranging from 5% to 13% over South Asian region. CKD care and the need for provision of care for the management of end-stage renal disease are an increasingly growing need in India with rising rates of CKD, especially those attributable to uncertain etiologies in certain regions of India. There is a wide disparity between nephrology care services and availability between geographical regions of the kidney with the representation of nephrologists and nephrology care centers more in the Southern and Western regions than in the rest of the country.

Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - One Year Later, What Do We Know So Far?

Initial reports early on in the pandemic in 2020 indicate a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a need to better understand risk factors for AKI in patients with COVID-19. It is also unclear if AKI in patients with COVID-19 differs from AKI due to other causes.

Endovascular Intervention for Central Venous Stenosis in Hemodialysis Patients: A Single-center Experience.

Central venous stenosis (CVS) refers to a significant stenosis of a large intrathoracic vein, such as the subclavian, brachiocephalic, or the superior vena cava (hemodialysis, HD). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with or without stent placement has been the recommended as the preferred approach to CVS. A total of 10 consecutive HD patients with documented CVS over a 2-year time period from April 2017-April 2019 underwent percutaneous angioplasty and stent insertions under sedation.

Prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional single-center study from South India.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased substantially in India over the past two decades commensurate with the global trend and has currently emerged as a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), especially ayurvedic medication, is widespread in CKD although accurate data on the prevalence of use are lacking. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2017 in the nephrology outpatient clinic of a medical college hospital in Mangalore, South-West India.

Applicability of the Cleveland clinic scoring system for the risk prediction of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in a South Asian cohort.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is a frequent post-operative complication associated with an increased risk of mortality, morbidity and hospital costs. Preoperative risk scores such as the Cleveland Clinic Scoring Tool (CCST) have been validated in Western population group to identify patients at higher risk of AKI and may facilitate preventive strategies. However, the scoring tool has not been validated systematically in a South Asian cohort.

Plasmapheresis: A Retrospective Audit of Procedures from a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India.

Introduction: The term plasmapheresis/plasma exchange refers to the removal of the plasma component of blood and its replacement with various fluids. Plasma Exchange (PE) has been used to treat a variety of conditions that are associated with an aberrant immune response. We undertook this retrospective study aiming to look at plasmapheresis procedures conducted in the nephrology department over a fixed time period.

Traditional Medicines and Kidney Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Opportunities and Challenges.

Traditional medicines are a principal form of health care for many populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and they have gained attention as an important means of health care coverage globally. In the context of kidney diseases, the challenges and opportunities presented by traditional medicine practices are among the most important considerations for developing effective and sustainable public health strategies. However, little is known about the practices of traditional medicines in relation to kidney diseases, especially concerning benefits and harms.

Hyponatremia secondary to acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention is a rare cause of hyponatremia. Symptomatic acute hyponatremia is of grave medical concern and needs to be managed aggressively. In our two cases with acute urinary retention, a simple bladder catheterization and drainage of urine followed by conservative management resulted in complete resolution of symptoms and normalization of sodium levels.

The role of heat shock proteins in kidney disease.

Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) belong to the family of intracellular proteins that are constitutively expressed and are upregulated by various stressors including heat, oxidative and chemical stress. HSP helps in reparative processes, including the refolding of damaged proteins and the removal of irreparably damaged proteins that would initiate cellular death or apoptosis. A growing body of evidence has expanded the role of HSP and defined their role in diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, ischemic heart disease and kidney diseases.

Nephrogenic ascites - Still an intractable problem?

Nephrogenic ascites or ascites associated with renal failure is seen in end-stage renal disease in-patients on hemodialysis but has been described occasionally in earlier stages of renal failure. The cause can be multifactorial and a combination of inadequate dialysis and ultrafiltration, poor nutrition and increased peritoneal membrane permeability in uremia. Generally, the onset of nephrogenic ascites is insidious and portends a grim long-term prognosis.

Erythropoietin use in CKD patients with cancer: to tread with caution?

Erythropoietin (Epo) has long been known to be the principal hematopoietic growth factor that regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation of the erythroid lineage. Recombinant Epo (rEpo) is frequently used in the prevention and treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in the treatment of anemia associated with cancer. The expression of the Epo receptor (EpoR) in certain cancer cells has raised the possibility that exogenous rEpo may have direct effects on tumor cells with potential for stimulation of proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy and possibly metastasis.

Unusual presentation of renal vein thrombosis with pulmonary artery embolism.

A young 23-year-old male patient presented with a two-day history of right flank pain. He had no history of any significant illnesses in the past. His investigations showed nephrotic range proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia.

Achieving effective pain relief in patients with chronic kidney disease: a review of analgesics in renal failure.

Increasing evidence in literature shows that chronic pain is a common and disabling symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the dialysis population all over the world ages and experiences multiple co-morbidities, nephrologists are increasingly faced with the complex task of addressing them effectively to sustain a reasonable health-related quality of life for their patients. The overall symptom burden of these patients is high and is similar to the end-of life cancer population.

Cancer screening in end-stage renal disease.

The increased risk of cancer after renal transplantation is well documented; however there is less agreement about the prevalence and risk of cancer in patients on dialysis. Although, certain cancers such as those of the kidney and urinary tract are more common among dialysis patients, the extremely high mortality rate of dialysis patients when compared to the normal population makes cancer screening ineffective both from the cost perspective as well as the survival benefit that is conferred by pre-emptive screening However, with newer improvements in dialysis techniques and better survival of the dialysis population, this issue needs to be addressed.