Determination of Time since Death using Vitreous Humor Tryptophan.

Determination of time since death (TSD) plays very important role in forensic examination as it narrows down field of suspects and aids in deceased identification. This study utilizes the fluorescence property of vitreous humor (VH) tryptophan to determine TSD using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA). The detection limit of these fluorometric studies was found to be 8 ppb indicating sensitivity and high accuracy in TSD determination.

Isolation of PCR ready-human DNA using copper nanoparticles from skeletal remains.

Present study represents a novel approach of PCR ready-human DNA extraction method from skeletal remains using copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for personnel identification. To achieve rapid, cost effective, sensitive and non-hazardous method for DNA extraction we utilized CuNPs synthesized using microwave. The applicability of this approach was first tested in blood samples and afterwards, this system was extended to skeletal remains' samples also.

Smart platform for the time since death determination from vitreous humor cystine.

In this work, we report the smart application of AgNPs based sensors for determination of time since death (TSD) via recognition and quantification of vitreous humor (VH) cystine as well as provide the portability for on spot determination of TSD. The lower detection limit was found to be 7.0ng/ml with prominent selectivity.

Picric acid capped silver nanoparticles as a probe for colorimetric sensing of creatinine in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples.

Creatinine is the most important parameter to be determined in the diagnosis of renal, muscular and thyroid function. The most common method for the determination of creatinine is Jaffe's reaction, a routine practice for blood and urine analysis. However, in cases of icteric and haemolyzed blood samples, interference occurs during the estimation of creatinine by other constituents present in the blood like bilirubin, creatine, and urea, which lead to wrong diagnosis.

Estimation of postmortem interval through albumin in CSF by simple dye binding method.

Estimation of postmortem interval is a very important question in some medicolegal investigations. For the precise estimation of postmortem interval, there is a need of a method which can give accurate estimation. Bromocresol green (BCG) is a simple dye binding method and widely used in routine practice.

A simple and rapid creatinine sensing via DLS selectivity, using calix[4]arene thiol functionalized gold nanoparticles.

A new, simple, ultra-sensitive and selective approach has been reported for the "on spot" colorimetric detection of creatinine based on calix[4]arene functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with excellent discrimination in the presence of other biomolecules. The lower detection limit of the method is 2.16nM.

A unique fluorescence biosensor for selective detection of tryptophan and histidine.

A novel photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based substituted calix[4]arene fluoroionophore has been used for the selective recognition of tryptophan (L-Trp) and histidine (L-His) by emission spectroscopy. The detection limit of the synthesized receptor was found to be 0.00826 nM for L-Trp and 0.

Melamine modified gold nanoprobe for "on-spot" colorimetric recognition of clonazepam from biological specimens.

Inexpensive, rapid, and reliable methods of detection are crucial to the control of toxicological investigations. Here we report a highly sensitive, selective and cost effective method for the detection of trace amounts of clonazepam based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of melamine. Hydrogen bonding interactions between clonazepam and melamine resulted in the aggregation of AuNPs and a consequent color change of AuNPs from wine red to blue.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of cationic fullerene quinazolinone conjugates and their binding mode with modeled Mycobacterium tuberculosis hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme.

The present work reports a series of novel cationic fullerene derivatives bearing a substituted-quinazolinone moiety as a side arm. Fullerene-quinazolinone conjugates synthesized using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of C60 with azomethine ylides generated from the corresponding Schiff bases of substituted quinazolinone were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and ESI-MS and screened for their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H 37 Rv strain). All the compounds exhibited significant activity with the most effective having MIC in the range of 1.

Fluorescence switch on-off-on receptor constructed of quinoline allied calix[4]arene for selective recognition of Cu2+ from blood serum and F- from industrial waste water.

A novel PET with ICT based substituted calix[4]arene fluroionophore was synthesized and used for detection of Cu(2+) and F(-) by emission spectra. The detection limit of the synthesized receptor was found to be 4.16 nM for Cu(2+) and 2.

A non enzymatic glucose biosensor based on an ultrasensitive calix[4]arene functionalized boronic acid gold nanoprobe for sensing in human blood serum.

We developed a new, advanced, simple and non enzymatic approach for the colorimetric detection of glucose based on calix[4]arene/phenyl boronic acid (CX-PBA)functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This molecular receptor proficiently and selectively recognizes glucose due to its ability to reversibly bind diol-containing compounds. The assembly was characterized by transmission electron micrograph (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis, FT-IR, ESI-MS and (1)H NMR spectrometry, which demonstrates the binding affinity for glucose via a boronic acid-diol interaction.

A novel calix[4]arene thiol functionalized silver nanoprobe for selective recognition of ferric ion with nanomolar sensitivity via DLS selectivity in human biological fluid.

A high concern for human health and safety has motivated dynamic research on the potential impact of transition metal ions and their toxic effects, thus it is very challenging to design transition-metal ion detection devices that are cost-effective, rapid and applicable to the biological milieus. Driven by the need to detect trace amounts of Fe(3+) from blood samples, we report a highly selective and ultrasensitive calix[4]arene modified silver nanoprobe for Fe(3+) recognition at the 9.4 nM level from aqueous solution with excellent discrimination against other heavy metals and biomolecules.

Novel cationic quinazolin-4(3H)-one conjugated fullerene nanoparticles as antimycobacterial and antimicrobial agents.

A series of novel cationic fullerene derivatives bearing a substituted-quinazolin-4(3H)-one moiety as a side arm were synthesized using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of C60 with azomethine ylides generated from the corresponding Schiff bases of substituted quinazolinones. The synthesized compounds 5a-f were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS and screened for their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV) and antimicrobial activity against selected Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) bacterial and fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus clavatus, and A.

An ICT based "turn on/off" quinoline armed calix[4]arene fluoroionophore: its sensing efficiency towards fluoride from waste water and Zn2+ from blood serum.

A novel structurally simple calix[4]arene appended 8-amidoquinoline linked conjugate was synthesized and has been used as a turn-on fluorescence probe for Zn(2+) and turn off fluorescence probe for F(-). Moreover, this probe has been applied for Zn(2+) detection in blood serum upto 8.7 μM and fluoride detection upto 22 nM in waste water samples, using emission spectra.

Calixarene capped ZnS quantum dots as an optical nanoprobe for detection and determination of menadione.

In this communication we report a p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene coated ZnS quantum dots "cup type" highly stable optical probe for the detection and determination of menadione (VK(3)) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The detection of VK(3) depends on supramolecular host-guest chemistry.

Analytical detection and method development of anticancer drug Gemcitabine HCl using gold nanoparticles.

A simple, rapid, cost effective and extractive UV spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Gemcitabine HCl (GMCT) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation. It was based on UV spectrophotometric measurements in which the drug reacts with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and changes the original colour of AuNP and forms a dark blue coloured solution which exhibits absorption maximum at 688nm. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity coefficient were found to be 3.

A novel nanoaggregation detection technique of TNT using selective and ultrasensitive nanocurcumin as a probe.

Here, for the first time, we designed an ultrasensitive nanocurcumin based nanomaterials surface energy transfer (NSET) probe for detection of trace amount of TNT with excellent sensitivity (1 nM) and selectivity over other nitro explosives via nanoaggregation and we found the largest fluorescent enhancement to date for sensing TNT (upto 800 fold).

Calix[4]arene based 1,3,4-oxadiazole and thiadiazole derivatives: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.

In the present investigation, we describe some novel calixarene based heterocyclic compounds (5a-5i) in which 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives have been coupled with 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(chlorocarbonyl-methoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy calix[4]arene. All the newly synthesized calixarene based heterocyclic compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic methods like FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and FAB-MS. All the final scaffolds have been subjected to antioxidant activity, in vitro antimicrobial screening against two gram (+ve) bacteria (S.

Novel monohydrogenphosphate ion-selective polymeric membrane sensor based on phenyl urea substituted calix[4]arene.

A highly selective and sensitive PVC membrane, containing phenylurea substituted calix[4]arene was found to be a suitable ionophore for monohydrogen phosphate (HPO(4)(2-)) ions that exhibited a Nernstian response (with a slope of -29.4 ± 0.3 mV decade(-1)).

Azo calix[4]arene based neodymium(III)-selective PVC membrane sensor.

We found that the PVC membrane, containing azo calix[4]arene is a suitable ionophore, exhibited a Nernstian response for neodymium (Nd(3+)) ions (with slope of 19.8±0.2 mV decade(-1) for the triply charged ion) over a wide linear range of 4.

Development and validation of GC/MS method for determination of pramipexole in rat plasma.

A simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the determination of pramipexole in rat plasma by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) is superior to the other reported LC-MS/MS methods. After being made alkaline with NaOH, plasma samples (0.

Fullerene isoniazid conjugate--a tuberculostat with increased lipophilicity: synthesis and evaluation of antimycobacterial activity.

A fullerene-isoniazid conjugate has been synthesized by 1, 3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction of fullerene (C(60)) with isonicotinic acid (4-formyl-benzylidene) hydrazide and N-methylglycine. The identity and purity of the compound was confirmed by elemental analysis, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectral analysis. Stable water suspension, in which the particles of the synthesized conjugate were made to aggregate in nanosize, was successfully tested for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium avium and strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis- H(37)Rv & H6/99 at concentration as low as 0.

Fullerene derivatized s-triazine analogues as antimicrobial agents.

A series of novel fullerene derivatives bearing s-triazine moiety have been synthesized by adopting 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction of C(60) and azomethine ylides generated from the corresponding Schiff bases of 2,4,6 trisubstituted s-triazine. All the compounds synthesized were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and FAB-MS. The compounds were then screened for their antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria by disc diffusion method.