Scaling up pediatric HIV care and treatment in Africa: clinical site characteristics associated with favorable service utilization.

Background: To improve pediatric enrollment and retention in HIV treatment programs in Africa, we examined factors associated with service utilization within the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation program in Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed characteristics of clinical sites providing HIV treatment services within our program. For each site, favorable pediatric program outcomes were defined as a cumulative number or percentage of pediatric enrollment in care or antiretroviral therapy (ART) more than the pooled median value or an attrition rate less than 10%.

Mortality and virologic outcomes after access to antiretroviral therapy among a cohort of HIV-infected women who received single-dose nevirapine in Lusaka, Zambia.

Objectives: Single-dose nevirapine (SDNVP) for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission selects mutations conferring resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy. We investigated mortality and virologic and clinical outcomes after introduction of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among a cohort of women given SDNVP.

Methods: When ART programs were introduced in 2004 in Lusaka, Zambia, we were completing a trial of infant feeding, which involved following HIV-infected women who received SDNVP between 2001 and 2005.