Decreased islet amyloid polypeptide staining in the islets of insulinoma patients.

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a factor that regulates food intake and is secreted from both pancreatic islets and insulinoma cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate IAPP immunohistochemically in islets or insulinoma cells in association with clinical characteristics. We recruited six insulinoma patients and six body mass index-matched control patients with pancreatic diseases other than insulinoma whose glucose tolerance was confirmed to be normal preoperatively.

Expansion of human alpha-cell area is associated with a higher maximum body mass index before the onset of type 2 diabetes.

We examined whether maximum body mass index (BMI) before the onset of diabetes (MBBO) affects histological findings of islet cells. We divided patients into two groups according to an MBBO cutoff of 25 kg/m or BMI cutoff of 21 kg/m. We compared immunohistochemical parameters between the MBBO groups or BMI groups.

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration Into Islets Without PD-L1 Expression Is Associated With the Development of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Type 1 Diabetes in Genetically Susceptible Patients.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) could cause type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We immunohistochemically analyzed pancreatic specimens from three individuals with ICI-related T1D, and their histopathological data were compared those from three patients who had received ICI therapy but did not develop T1D (non-T1D) and seven normal glucose-tolerant subjects as control subjects.

Lipid droplet accumulation in β cells in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and β cell dysfunction involving decreased insulin granules.

Background And Objective: Pancreatic fat is a form of ectopic fat. Lipid droplets (LDs) are also observed in β cells; however, the pathophysiological significance, especially for β cell function, has not been elucidated. Our aim was to assess LD accumulation in β cells in various stages of glucose intolerance and to clarify its relationship with clinical and histological parameters.

Marked Hypergastrinemia with G-cell Hyperplasia in Two Autoimmune Gastritis Patients.

Gastrin regulates gastric acid secretion, and gastrin secretion itself is regulated by the negative feedback system of gastric acidity. Autoimmune gastritis (AG) is a disease where parietal cells are destroyed, resulting in decreased acid production and an elevated serum gastrin level. We herein report 2 AG cases with marked hypergastrinemia (>5,000 pg/mL).

Pancreatic fat is related to the longitudinal decrease in the increment of C-peptide in glucagon stimulation test in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims/introduction: The relationship between pancreatic fatty infiltration and diabetes is widely known, whereas the causal relationship is not clear. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether pathogenesis of pancreatic fat is similar to that of liver fat. We aimed to clarify the contribution of this type of fat to glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes patients by cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Human pancreatic α- to β-cell area ratio increases after type 2 diabetes onset.

Aims/introduction: Pancreatic α-cell area and the α- to β-cell area ratio (α/β) might be associated with glucose tolerance. The aim was to clarify how these histological parameters change as glucose tolerance deteriorates.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed pancreatic tissues obtained from pancreatectomies of 43 patients.

A Histological Study of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Related to Human Cytomegalovirus Reactivation.

Context: Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is thought to be partly caused by virus infection.

Objective: This study investigated the mechanism of β cell destruction in fulminant T1DM after drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS).

Methods: We determined the localization of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and viral receptors of Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), together with inflammatory cells, by immunohistochemistry of the autopsy pancreas of a patient with fulminant T1DM with DIHS and in seven subjects with normal glucose tolerance who underwent pancreatectomy.

Preoperative insulin secretion ability and pancreatic parenchymal thickness as useful parameters for predicting postoperative insulin secretion in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Periampullary malignant neoplasms have been increasing in Japan, mainly in response to an increase in the incidences of pancreatic cancer, and glucose intolerance due to deterioration of insulin secretion is an important problem. We investigated preoperative parameters to predict postoperative insulin secretion and the need for insulin therapy in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Thirty-six patients with malignant neoplasms of periampullary lesions were enrolled.