Administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide in rats improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported to be an integral part of the secondary injury process that causes apoptosis of glial cells, leading to remyelination failure. This report focuses on exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist widely used to treat diabetes, as a potential agent to improve functional outcome after SCI by improving the ER stress response. Exenatide administered subcutaneously immediately after injury and 7 days later in a rat model of moderate contusive SCI revealed significant improvement in hindlimb function without any hypoglycemia.

Compression of the Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve's Deep Palmar Branch by a Ganglion Cyst in the Carpal Tunnel: A Case Report.

Case: A 39-year-old woman presented with a ganglion cyst in the carpal tunnel simultaneously compressing the right median nerve and the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve. During surgery, the soft tissue was exposed under the median nerve and on the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve running transversely in the deep area of the carpal tunnel.

Conclusion: Simultaneous compression of the median nerve and deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve is extremely rare; however, such a pathoanatomical relationship must be considered while examining a patient because these nerves are located close to each other.

The relationship between inflammasomes and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the injured spinal cord.

Study Design: Animal study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of inflammasomes in the injured spinal cord of a rat spinal cord injury model.

Setting: University laboratory in Kanagawa, Japan.

Amiloride Promotes Oligodendrocyte Survival and Remyelination after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary injury results in an expanding area of glial cell apoptosis. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) actively proliferate after SCI, but many of these cells undergo apoptosis. One of the factors that exacerbates secondary injury is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Open Wedge Osteotomy with Ulnar Shortening for Madelung Deformity Using a Computer-Generated Template.

A variety of osteotomies have been reported to correct Madelung deformity using plain radiographs. However, evaluation of the deformity using 2-dimensional plain radiography is difficult because of its complex 3-dimensional nature. Therefore, we performed corrective osteotomy using recently developed 3D simulation technology on an adult woman with Madelung deformity, and achieved an excellent outcome.