Improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin analogues using InsuPatch, a local heating device.

Background: Previous studies have shown that heating the insulin injection site may accelerate insulin absorption. We investigated the pharmacological profile of insulin administered with InsuPatch, a local skin-heating device.

Methods: In this randomized, crossover study carried out in 56 subjects with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin pump [mean age 32 ± 13.