[Vestibular rehabilitation for peripheral vestibular hypofunction: an interdisciplinary consensus].

The literature review presents approaches to the management of patients with vestibular disorders. The principles of organization of vestibular rehabilitation in peripheral vestibular hypofunction, indications for appointment, factors influencing its implementation, technique, methods of evaluating effectiveness are considered in detail. Attention is drawn to the fact that the selection of exercises and the duration of vestibular rehabilitation is carried out individually and depends on many factors, including the nature of vestibular deficiency and the specific characteristics of the patient.

[Current approaches in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases after COVID-19. Resolution of the International Experts Forum].

Despite the significant shift in global attention away from the pandemic, the problem of a new coronavirus infection remains important in the medical community. Almost 3 years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic the issues of rehabilitation and management of delayed manifestations and sequelae of the disease are especially important. According to numerous available data, the new coronavirus infection is characterized by multiorgan lesions.

The Individual Rehabilitation Project as the core of person-centered rehabilitation: the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Section and Board of the European Union of Medical Specialists Framework for Rehabilitation in Europe.

To facilitate the interaction between the health professional and the patient, a framework to guide the rehabilitation process is needed. This framework would encompass three interwoven aspects: the rehabilitation management plan, Individual Rehabilitation Project (IRP), and rehabilitation cycle(s). All three framework aspects focus on the patient and on the aim of rehabilitation, i.

[Preclinical studies of drugs on animal stroke models].

Preclinical studies are studies using experimental models of stroke in animals as well as on neurons, cell neuronal cultures and surviving brain slices. They directed both towards testing the efficacy and evaluation of the mechanisms of action of drugs, and the study of the mechanisms of ischemic damage to search for new targets for stroke treatment. This article shows the basic principles of the organization and planning of animal models of ischemic stroke.

[The administration of neurocytoprotectors in a rat model of experimental spinal cord ischemia].

Aim: To study an effect of cortexin on functional recovery and morphology of the spinal cord of rats with spinal cord ischemia.

Material And Methods: Spinal cord ischemia was achieved by ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta in 16 rats stratified into two equal groups: the ligation of infrarenal aorta was performed in the control group, aorta ligation was performed also in the experimental group with preliminary intraperitoneally administration of cortexin in a dose of 0.15 mg/kg 30 min before procedure.

[The comparative analysis of immunologic techniques of detection of anti-phospholipid antibodies].

The laboratory diagnostic of anti-phospholipid syndrome consists in detection of anti-phospholipid antibodies using technique of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay namely in detection of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and antibodies to β2-glycoprotein. In spite of the fact that serological diagnostic plays a key role in diagnosing anti-phospholipid syndrome application of laboratory tests s complicated by their insufficient standardization. The new approach to detection of anti-phospholipid antibodies became application of immune blotting on the basis of polyvinylidenfluoride membrane.

[THE CLINICAL LABORATORY MARKERS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ATHEROTHROMBOTIC STROKE].

The laboratory biomarkers can effect on choice of tactics of treatment in patients with atherosclerotic stenosis ofcarotids and high risk of stroke. However, nowadays there is no established laboratory criteria of significant atherosclerotic affection of internal carotid. The purpose of study was to investigate informativeness of biomarkers of atherosclerosis in clinical molecuIar panel of expertise system of determining risk of stroke in patients with significant stenosis of carotid.

Neurotherapeutic activity of the recombinant heat shock protein Hsp70 in a model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Recombinant 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) is an antiapoptotic protein that has a cell protective activity in stress stimuli and thus could be a useful therapeutic agent in the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. The neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic activity of recombinant Hsp70 was explored in a model of experimental stroke in rats. Ischemia was produced by the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 45 minutes.

Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin in focal brain ischemia in rats.

Neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin administered before ischemia has been previously demonstrated. The efficiency of erythropoietin administration after ischemia was not studied, though in case of success these protocols would be applied in clinical neurology. In our experiments on the model of transitory focal ischemia, erythropoietin was injected intraperitoneally during the early and delayed postischemic period (3 and 12 h).

Characteristics of cerebral ischemia in major rat stroke models of middle cerebral artery ligation through craniectomy.

Background: The refinement of experimental stroke models is important for further development of neuroprotective interventions.

Aims And/or Hypothesis: Our goal was to study the reproducibility of outcomes obtained in five rat models of middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation in order to identify the optimal model for the preclinical studies.

Methods: In Part 1 of the experiments, systolic blood flow velocity (sBFV) and cerebral area at risk (AR) were determined immediately after the onset of brain ischemia induced in different ways in Wistar rats.

[Early ischemic preconditioning against focal transient and permanent brain ischemia in rats: role of collateral circulation].

We hypothesize that early ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can afford protection against focal brief and prolonged cerebral ischemia with subsequent reperfusion as well as permanent brain ischemia in rats by amelioration of regional cerebral blood flow. Adult male Wistar rats (n=97) were subjected to transient (30 and 60 minutes) and permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. IPC protocol consisted of two episodes of 5-min common carotid artery occlusion + 5-min reperfusion prior to test ischemia either followed by 48 hours of reperfusion or not.

[Neuroprotective effects of lipoic acid and superoxide dismutase in the rat model of cerebral ischemia].

Background: the present study was aimed at investigation of neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in brain ischemia in rats.

Methods: two models were used to produce brain ischemia: focal ischemia (permanent left middle cerebral artery occlusion) and permanent ligation of both CCA without subsequent reperfusion. Cu/Zn-SOD at a dose 5 mg/kg, i.

[Noopept in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment in patients with stroke].

Noopept is a neuroprotector and nootropics. Literature data revealed the treatment effect of noopept on mild cognitive impairment in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy. The present open prospective study included 60 patients with stroke treated with noopept during 12 months.

[Antithrombotic therapy in the secondary prevention of stroke].

The review is devoted to the secondary prevention of ischemic events after ischemic stroke. Recommendations for antithrombotic therapy and prolonged indirect anticoagulant therapy with INR monitoring based on evidence-based medicine of the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and TIA are presented. Patients who do not need anticoagulants should receive antiplatelet therapy.

[Protective effect of meloxicam against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in normo- and hypertensive].

Normotensive and hypertensive male Wistar rats were subjected to the 3 h bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by 72 h of reperfusion. The selective cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor meloxicam was administered intramuscularly after the cerebral reperfusion at a daily dose of 15 mg/kg. Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate the cerebral blood flow during the reperfusion phase.

[Ultrasound-induced myocardial preconditioning: analysis of its effectiveness and mechanisms].

It has been shown that exposure of the isolated rat heart perfused according to Langendorff to therapeutic ultrasound (210 kHz and 0.5-1.5 W/cm2 ) induces a cardioprotective response similar to ischemic preconditioning.

Reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with pre- and postconditioning: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Reduction of infarct size as well as alleviation of other ischemia- and reperfusion-associated injuries are the goals of primary importance in cardiology. One of the remedies is considered to be myocardial preconditioning (PreCon) referred usually to as an increased myocardial tolerance to prolonged ischemia following brief ischemic or non-ischemic challenge. In this review, PreCon stimuli tested to date are considered including a number of mildly noxious factors applied either locally to the myocardium or systemically.

[An in vitro study of low-frequency ultrasound transmission through a musculoskeletal fragment of thoracic cage].

Low-frequency ultrasound transmission through a musculoskeletal fragment of thoracic cage was studied in vitro. The degree of ultrasound attenuation during noninvasive transthoracic application was estimated. The mean coefficient of ultrasound attenuation in thoracic cage was determined for the low-frequency region (210 kHz).

[The experimental morphofunctional changes in the body under the influence of dry environmental air].

Analysis of morphological changes in organs, tissues and cells of animal organisms (white rats) is presented in interrelations with shifts in somatometric parameters, fluctuations in water exchange induced by the decreased content of diluted liquid vapours in the air. On the basis of studies results the leading role of low humidity of the environment in the development of changes of the dehydration syndrome type has been proved.

[Health problems of thermoregulation in humans in the Far North].

The experimental and natural studies have revealed the role of the low-humidity Far-North environment in forming a specific heat-exchange pattern and corresponding functional and morphological changes in the organism, and have confirmed the biological and hygienic importance of the low-humidity environment.