Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with single and combined effects of Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin 20210A and Methylenetethraydrofolate reductase C677T: a meta-analysis involving over 11,000 cases and 21,000 controls.

Genetic and environmental factors interact in determining the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk associated with the polymorphic variants G1691A of factor V (Factor V Leiden, FVL), G20210A of prothrombin (PT20210A) and C677T of methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (C677T MTHFR) genes has been investigated in many studies. We performed a pooled analysis of case-control and cohort studies investigating in adults the association between each variant and VTE, published on Pubmed, Embase or Google through January 2010.

Effect modification by population dietary folate on the association between MTHFR genotype, homocysteine, and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of genetic studies and randomised trials.

Background: The MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism has been associated with raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview showed that the effects were greatest in regions with low dietary folate consumption, but differentiation between the effect of folate and small-study bias was difficult. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of homocysteine-lowering interventions showed no reduction in coronary heart disease events or stroke, but the trials were generally set in populations with high folate consumption.

[The state of oxidant-antioxidant system in basal and latent hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries].

The diagnostics of basal and post-load (latent) hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) was made in 110 patients with atherosclerosis of lower extremity arteries. Basal HHC was found in 61% of the patients. Latent HHC was found when using a methionine load test in 20 (47%) out of 43 patients without basal HHC.

[Features of allele polymorphism of genes involved in homocysteine and folate metabolism in patients with atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries].

Under study were features of allele polymorphism of genes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C), methionine synthase (MS A 2756G), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR A66G) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD G1958A) in patients with atherosclerosis of the lower extremity arteries (ALEA). Patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) had statistically significant increase of allele MTHFR 677T and MTRR 66GG as compared both with the control group and with the group of patients without HHcy. It suggests that polymorphism of genes involved in homocystein and folate metabolism might affect the risk of HHcy in patients with ALEA.

Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in patients with arterial and venous thrombosis from North Western Russia.

Conflicting data from Western European and USA population studies led us to investigate hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphisms and thrombotic disease in North Western Russia. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, MTHFR C677T genotype, selected life style determinants and haemostatic factor activity were determined in patients with arterial (n = 33), venous (n = 40), arterial + venous (n = 11) thrombosis and healthy controls (n = 30). We found raised median tHcy levels in all patient groups vs.

[Genetic determinants of hereditary thrombophilia in pathogenesis of venous thrombosis].

Aim: To study the role of genetic determinants of hereditary thrombophilia in pathogenesis of various clinical manifestations of venous thrombosis in the citizens of the North-West Region of Russia.

Material And Methods: Mutations of the genes of factor V (FV Leiden), prothrombin (G20210-A) and polymorphism C677-T in the gene of methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a following restriction analysis of PCR product in 183 patients with venous thrombosis (115 with isolated thrombosis of the deep veins and 68 with thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery).

Results: It was established that mutation FV Leiden is a significant risk factor of deep vein thrombosis in the legs and postthrombotic disease, but this mutation is weakly associated with pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PAT).

[Enzymatic hydrolysis of mycelial waste from the production of tetracycline].

The process of enzymatic hydrolysis of the mycelial waste from the manufacture of tetracycline with using Streptomyces aureofaciens was studied. For the enzymatic hydrolysis, neutral and alkaline proteinases were used. It was shown that alkaline proteinase (protosubtilin G10X) provided the most efficient hydrolysis.

[Immobilization of invertase in polyvinyl alcohol coatings].

A possibility of invertase immobilization in the polyvinyl alcohol coating formed directly on the electrode surface from water solution of polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid was being investigated. Conditions for obtaining the polymeric coating at the constant potential and at the constant current were compared. In order to obtain the polymeric coatings with a marked enzyme activity optimal conditions were found.

Stoichiometry of proton uptake in isolated pea chloroplasts under different light intensities.

The number of protons released inside the chloroplast thylakoids per electron which is transferred through the electron transport chain (H+/e- ratio) was measured in isolated pea chloroplasts at pH 6.0 under continuous illumination and with methyl viologen as an electron acceptor. At saturating light intensity (200 W X m-2) ("strong" light) the H+/e- ratio was 3.

[The H+/e- ratio in the photosynthetic electron transport chain].

The number of protons adsorbed by tylakoids during one electron passage along the photosynthetic electron transport chain (i.e. the H+/e- ratio) was measured in isolated pea chloroplasts upon continuous illumination.

[Correlation between non-cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport in pea chloroplasts: dependent on the concentration of ferredoxin].

The effects of ferredoxin concentrations on the correlation between pseudocyclic and non-cyclic electron transport in isolated pea chloroplasts with NADP+ as an electron acceptor was studied. The correlation of psuedocyclic and non-cyclic electron transport upon photoreduction of NADP+ in vitro can be regulated by ferredoxin concentration. At ferredoxin concentrations studied an addition of NADP+ to the system which makes possible electron transfer from ferredoxin to ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase increases the rate of overall electron transport across the chain.

[Electron transport and photophosphorylation, coupled with photoreduction of oxygen by chloroplasts of peas, grown under different conditions of illumination].

A comparative study of the intensity of O2 uptake, NADP+ reduction and ATP synthesis in pea chloroplasts grown upon different illumination conditions was carried out. The rates of O2 uptake in the absence of cofactors and in the presence of ferredoxin are almost identical for "dark" and "light" chloroplasts. In a medium containing oxidized NADP+ the rate of electron transport is considerably lower in the "dark" chloroplasts; the pseudocyclic transport coupled with simultaneous reduction of O2 in these chloroplasts is somewhat higher (on the average by 30%).

[Trypsin immobilization in silica gel].

Trypsin immobilization in an inorganic polymer, i.e. silica gel, was investigated.

[Role of ferredoxin in pseudo-cyclic electron transport in isolated pea chloroplasts].

The pseudo-cyclic electron transport in isolated pea chloroplasts in a medium without exogenous cofactors but containing methylviologen and ferredoxin was studied. In order to establish the steps limiting the electron transport, the rates of electron transport a different pH values and under phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating conditions in the presence of the uncoupler--gramicidin D--were determined. It was shown that in the absence of exogenous cofactors the total electron transport is limited by a stage of electron transfer from the acceptor site of photosystem I to oxygen.