Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Novel insights into the pathogenesis and management.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterised primarily by muscle stiffness in the lower limbs. Neurodegenerative disorders are conditions that result from cellular and metabolic abnormalities, many of which have strong genetic ties. While ageing is a known contributor to these changes, certain neurodegenerative disorders can manifest early in life, progressively affecting a person's quality of life.

Serum Level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Thrombotic Type Are Predictive of Cognitive Impairment in the Acute Period of Ischemic Strokes Patients.

40-70% of patients after a stroke, including a mild one, may experience cognitive impairment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke and also affects the patients' recovery prognosis. An association between cognitive impairment in the poststroke period and lower peripheral BDNF levels is known, but the prognostic significance of serum BDNF levels and clinical characteristics for the risk of developing cognitive impairment in the acute period remains uncertain.

Immunological and inflammatory effects of infectious diseases in circadian rhythm disruption and future therapeutic directions.

Background: Circadian rhythm is characterised by daily variations in biological activity to align with the light and dark cycle. These diurnal variations, in turn, influence physiological functions such as blood pressure, temperature, and sleep-wake cycle. Though it is well established that the circadian pathway is linked to pro-inflammatory responses and circulating immune cells, its association with infectious diseases is widely unknown.

Drug reprofiling history and potential therapies against Parkinson's disease.

Given the high whittling down rates, high costs, and moderate pace of new medication, revelation, and improvement, repurposing "old" drugs to treat typical and uncommon illnesses is progressively becoming an appealing proposition. Drug repurposing is the way toward utilizing existing medications in treating diseases other than the purposes they were initially designed for. Faced with scientific and economic challenges, the prospect of discovering new medication indications is enticing to the pharmaceutical sector.

Influence of the Gut Microbiota on the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative disorders are marked by neuronal death over time, causing a variety of cognitive and motor dysfunctions. Protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial and protein clearance system dysfunction have all been identified as common pathways leading to neurodegeneration in recent decades. An altered microbiome of the gut, which is considered to play a central role in diseases as well as health, has recently been identified as another potential feature seen in neurodegenerative disorders.

The war in Ukraine and diabetic foot care: Challenges, recommendations.

Aims: A number of reports have illustrated the barriers that the war in Ukraine puts to diabetes care. While their recommendations are valuable for glycemic control and the prevention or early detection of life - threatening diabetes complications, such as hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis, the discourse on diabetic foot is limited. This letter emphasizes the implications of the war in diabetic foot care and discusses potential solutions.

Cytokine Storm and Neuropathological Alterations in Patients with Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), a respiratory pathogen with neuroinvasive potential. Neurological COVID-19 manifestations include loss of smell and taste, headache, dizziness, stroke, and potentially fatal encephalitis. Several studies found elevated proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 IL-8, IL- 10 IL-16, IL-17A, and IL-18 in severely and critically ill COVID-19 patients may persist even after apparent recovery from infection.

Targeting Oxidative Stress Mechanisms to Treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review.

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are becoming more frequent as the age increases. Contemporary therapies provide symptom resolution instead of targeting underlying pathological pathways. Consequently, there is considerable heterogeneity in response to treatment.

OMICs Technologies for Natural Compounds-based Drug Development.

Compounds isolated from natural sources have been used for medicinal purposes for many centuries. Some metabolites of plants and microorganisms possess properties that would make them effective treatments against bacterial infection, inflammation, cancer, and an array of other medical conditions. In addition, natural compounds offer therapeutic approaches with lower toxicity compared to most synthetic analogues.

Melatonergic Receptors (Mt1/Mt2) as a Potential Additional Target of Novel Drugs for Depression.

A complex pathogenesis involving several physiological systems is theorized to underline the development of depressive disorders. Depression is accompanied by circadian regulation disruption and interaction with the functioning of both central and peripheral oscillators. Many aspects of melatonin function unite these systems.

Cognitive and affective disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease: Perspectives for classifying of motor/neuropsychiatric subtypes.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder, related to rigidity, bradykinesia, and resting tremors, among other motor symptoms. It is noticed in the increasing frequency of neuropsychiatric disorders, which may be also caused by non-motor symptoms of PD. Treatment of PD is usually based on the classification of motor subtypes; however, it remains unclear whether motor subtypes have differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms.

Circadian rhythm disorder and anxiety as mental health complications in post-COVID-19.

In 2020, the world gained dramatic experience of the development of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent researches notice an increasing prevalence of anxiety and circadian rhythm disorders during COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was describing clinical features of circadian rhythm disorders and the level of anxiety in persons who have had COVID-19.

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDERS AND NON-MOTOR SYMPTOMS IN DIFFERENT MOTOR SUBTYPES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

The phenotype of the disease depends not only on the prevalence of certain motor signs, but also on non-motor symptoms. Determination of different profiles of Parkinson's disease improves disease prognosis and management. A clinical study was conducted in patients with Parkinson's disease.

THE ROLE OF CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF GHRELIN LEVELS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE (LITERATURE REVIEW).

The paper is aimed at the analysis of the role of the circadian regulation of ghrelin levels in patients with Parkinson's disease. Based on the literature data, patients with Parkinson's disease have clinical fluctuations in the symptoms of the disease, manifested by the diurnal changes in motor activity, autonomic functions, sleep-wake cycle, visual function, and the efficacy of dopaminergic therapy. Biological rhythms are controlled by central and peripheral oscillators which links with dopaminergic neurotransmission - core of the pathogenesis of Parkinson`s disease.

PROSPECTIVE PILOT STUDY TO ASSESS MOTOR ACTIVITY AND THE STATE OF THE HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF ISCHEMIC STROKE DURING SYSTEMIC THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY.

Objective: The aim: To investigate changes in motor activity and indicators of the state of the hemostasis system in the acute period of ischemic stroke during systemic thrombolytic therapy and without its use.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: We examined 26 male and female patients with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke, who were hospitalized on the first day of the disease to the neurological departments. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1-patients who underwent systemic thrombolytic therapy (sTLT) (n=11), group 2-patients who did not receive sTLT (n=15).

Association between emotional-volitional dysfunction and features of aggression or hostility in mens with different forms of substance addictions: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The aim: The research aim was to study features of emotional-volitional sphere and its association in mens with different forms of Substance Addictions.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: We examined 146 patients with alcohol and drug addictions using Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Zverkov-Eidmann`s questionnaire and Buss-Durkee questionnaire.

Results: Results: The study showed an increase in the overall level of alexithymia, a moderate level of aggressiveness and a sufficient level of volitional self-regulation without a significant difference between the groups.