Individual and Combined Effects of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Azadirachtin on Plodia Interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

The Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major stored product pest that is found throughout the world. In this study, the effect of oral exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) subsp. kurstaki (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) and azadirachtin was evaluated in third instar P.

Changes in PTGS1 and ALOX12 Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Are Associated with Changes in Arachidonic Acid, Oxylipins, and Oxylipin/Fatty Acid Ratios in Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.

Introduction: There is a high degree of inter-individual variability among people in response to intervention with omega-3 fatty acids (FA), which may partly explain conflicting results on the effectiveness of omega-3 FA for the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study we sought to evaluate whether part of this inter-individual variability in response is related to the regulation of key oxylipin metabolic genes in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods: Plasma FA and oxylipin profiles from 12 healthy individuals were compared to PBMC gene expression profiles following six weeks of supplementation with fish oil, which delivered 1.

Lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin and cypermethrin on Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

Habrobracon hebetor Say is an ectoparasitoid of larval stage of various lepidopteran pests. Lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin and cypermethrin were evaluated on adult and preimaginal stages of H. hebetor under laboratory conditions.

The baculovirus uses a captured host phosphatase to induce enhanced locomotory activity in host caterpillars.

The baculovirus is a classic example of a parasite that alters the behavior or physiology of its host so that progeny transmission is maximized. Baculoviruses do this by inducing enhanced locomotory activity (ELA) that causes the host caterpillars to climb to the upper foliage of plants. We previously reported that this behavior is not induced in silkworms that are infected with a mutant baculovirus lacking its protein tyrosine phosphatase (ptp) gene, a gene likely captured from an ancestral host.

Effect of starvation upon baculovirus replication in larval Bombyx mori and Heliothis virescens.

The progression of baculovirus (BmNPV, BmCysPD, AcMNPV or AcAaIT) infection in larval Bombyx mori and Heliothis virescens (1st, 3rd or 5th instar) was investigated following various starvation regimes. When the larvae were starved for 12 or 24h immediately following inoculation, the median lethal time to death (LT(50)) was delayed by 9.5-19.

The Photorhabdus Pir toxins are similar to a developmentally regulated insect protein but show no juvenile hormone esterase activity.

The genome of the insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens strain TT01 contains numerous genes predicting toxins and proteases. Within the P. luminescens TT01 genome, the products of two loci, plu 4093-plu 4092 and plu 4437-plu 4436, show oral insecticidal activity against both moth and mosquito larvae.

High-frequency homologous recombination between baculoviruses involves DNA replication.

We determined the frequency of DNA recombination between Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedroviruses (BmNPVs) and between BmNPV and the closely related Autographa californica NPV (AcMNPV) in BmN cells, Sf-21 cells, and larvae of Heliothis virescens. The BmN cells were coinfected with two BmNPVs, one with a mutation at the polyhedrin gene (polh) locus and a second carrying a lacZ gene marker cassette. Eleven different BmNPV mutants carrying the lacZ gene marker at various distances (1.