SHARPIN Enhances Ferroptosis in Synovial Sarcoma Cells via NF-κB- and PRMT5-Mediated PGC1α Reduction.

Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer for which new therapeutic agents are required. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death triggered by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. We found that TFRC, an iron uptake protein, was expressed at higher levels in sarcoma cell lines than in noncancer and carcinoma cell lines.

Effect of the Health Tourism weight loss programme on body composition and health outcomes in healthy and excess-weight adults.

Excess weight loss while minimising fat-free mass (FFM) loss is important for health. Travel is a particular period at risk for weight gain and for which the effects of a short-term intensive weight loss programme have not been studied. Therefore, we studied the effect of a novel, 1-week supervised health travel programme combining high volume, low-to-moderate intensity exercise and energy intake restriction on weight, body composition and health outcomes in adults.

Identification and temporal decrease of Cs and Cs in groundwater in Minami-Soma City following the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant.

The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on March 11, 2011, caused severe radioactive contamination in Fukushima Prefecture. In order to clarify the safety of drinking water, we have conducted radiocesium monitoring of public tap water and groundwater in Minami-Soma City, which is 10-40 km north of the nuclear power plant. The source of tap water for Minami-Soma City is groundwater, which is treated by rapid filtration before distribution in two of the three treatment plants.

Calculation of coincidence summing in gamma-ray spectrometry with the EGS5 code.

Coincidence summing correction factors, including not only γ-γ and X-γ, but also β-γ and conversion electron-γ, coincidences were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation of decay schemes by using the EGS5 code. A large contribution from β-rays to the factors was found for Na for the n-type detector in the case of close source-to-detector geometry with a point source.

Uranium-236 as a new oceanic tracer: A first depth profile in the Japan Sea and comparison with caesium-137.

We present a feasibility study for using U as an oceanic circulation tracer based on depth profiles of U and Cs in the Japan/East Sea. The concentration of the predominantly anthropogenic U, measured with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), decreased from (13±3)×10 atom/kg in surface water to (1.6±0.

Paddy-field contamination with 134Cs and 137Cs due to Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and soil-to-rice transfer coefficients.

The transfer coefficient (TF) from soil to rice plants of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in the form of radioactive deposition from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 was investigated in three rice paddy fields in Minami-Soma City. Rice crops were planted in the following May and harvested at the end of September. Soil cores of 30-cm depth were sampled from rice-planted paddy fields to measure (134)Cs and (137)Cs radioactivity at 5-cm intervals.

Early radiation survey of Iitate village, which was heavily contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi accident, conducted on 28 and 29 March 2011.

Following the news that the radiation level in Iitate Village, located 25-45 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, was seriously increased, an urgent field survey was carried out on 28 and 29 March 2011. Radiation levels at 130 locations were measured inside a van that traveled throughout the village using a CsI pocket survey meter and an ionization chamber. Soil samples were also taken at five locations and submitted to gamma ray analysis using a Ge detector.

Radiation doses among residents living 37 km northwest of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant.

External and internal radiation doses were estimated for 15 residents who lived approximately 37 km northwest of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant, which released radioactive plumes on March 11, 2011 as the result of the Tohoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami damage. Residents were interviewed on where they stayed and what they ate after the incident. To estimate external dose, the air dose rate around each person's home was measured, and cumulative effective doses up to 54 d after the deposition were calculated.

Distribution of 60Co in steel samples from Hiroshima.

This paper describes ultra low-level gamma-ray spectrometry measurements of the (60)Co activity distribution inside one 52 mm and one 41 mm thick steel sample. The samples had been exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb and were from the Aioi bridge and the Yokogawa bridge. Both samples were measured in a recent study aiming to back up model calculation of Hiroshima dosimetry.

Isotope ratios of (235)U/(238)U and (137)Cs/(235)U in black rain streaks on plaster wall caused by fallout of the Hiroshima atomic bomb.

Radiological investigations of fallout from the atomic bomb detonated over Hiroshima city on 6 August 1945 are important to estimate doses for inhabitants. The authors have analyzed the concentrations of (137)Cs, (235)U, and (238)U in streaks of black rain caused by the atomic bomb using gamma-ray spectroscopy and the ICP-QMS method. The black rain streaks were deposited on a plaster wall of a house located 3.

Measurement of soil contamination by radionuclides due to the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and associated estimated cumulative external dose estimation.

Soil sampling was carried out at an early stage of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Samples were taken from areas around FDNPP, at four locations northwest of FDNPP, at four schools and in four cities, including Fukushima City. Radioactive contaminants in soil samples were identified and measured by using a Ge detector and included (129 m)Te, (129)Te, (131)I, (132)Te, (132)I, (134)Cs, (136)Cs, (137)Cs, (140)Ba and (140)La.

Estimation of beta-ray skin dose from exposure to fission fallout from the Hiroshima atomic bomb.

Beta-ray skin dose due to the fission fallout from the Hiroshima atomic bomb is potentially related to the epilation in the black rain area. The absorbed dose to the skin from beta-rays emitted by fission fallout has been estimated for an initial ¹³⁷Cs deposition of 1 kBq m⁻² on the ground at 0.5 h after the explosion.

Measurement of microdosimetric spectra produced from a 290 MeV/n Spread Out Bragg Peak carbon beam.

This study describes measurements on secondary particles produced by a 290 MeV/n Spread Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) carbon beam. Microdosimetric distributions of secondary fragments from the SOBP carbon beam have been measured by using a new tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) system at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The new TEPC system consists of a TEPC, two solid-state detectors (SSD) and a scintillation counter (FSC: forward scintillation counter).

Dose rate estimation around a 60Co gamma-ray irradiation source by means of 115mIn photoactivation.

Photoactivation of nuclear isomer (115m)In with a halflife of 4.48 h occurs by (60)Co gamma-ray irradiation. This is because the resonance gamma-ray absorption occurs at 1078 keV level for stable (115)In, and that energy gamma-rays are produced by Compton scattering of (60)Co primary gamma-rays.

Microdosimetry on a mini-reactor UTR-KINKI for educational uses and biological researches.

Microdosimetry study has been carried out at the education and research mini-reactor of Kinki University (UTR-KINKI) using a tissue equivalent gas proportional counter (TEPC). The microdosimetric single event spectra for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 microm site sizes were obtained in the lineal energy range from 1 to 1000 keV/microm.

Fast neutrons measured in copper from the Hiroshima atomic bomb dome.

The first measurements of (63)Ni produced by A-bomb fast neutrons (above approximately 1 MeV) in copper samples from Hiroshima encompassed distances from approximately 380 to 5062 m from the hypocenter (the point on the ground directly under the bomb). They included the region of interest to survivor studies (approximately 900 to 1500 m) and provided the first direct validation of fast neutrons in that range. However, a significant measurement gap remained between the hypocenter and 380 m.

Skin dose from neutron-activated soil for early entrants following the A-bomb detonation in Hiroshima: contribution from beta and gamma rays.

Epilation was reported among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, including "early entrance survivors" who entered the cities after the bombings. The absorbed dose to the skin by neutron-activated soil via beta and gamma rays has been estimated in a preliminary fashion, for these survivors in Hiroshima. Estimation was done for external exposures from activated soil on the ground as well as skin and hair contamination from activated soil particles, using the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNP-4C.

Gamma-ray exposure from neutron-induced radionuclides in soil in Hiroshima and Nagasaki based on DS02 calculations.

As a result of joint efforts by Japanese, US and German scientists, the Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02) was developed as a new dosimetry system, to evaluate individual radiation dose to atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Although the atomic bomb radiation consisted of initial radiation and residual radiation, only initial radiation was reevaluated in DS02 because, for most survivors in the life span study group, the residual dose was negligible compared to the initial dose. It was reported, however, that there were individuals who entered the city at the early stage after the explosion and experienced hemorrhage, diarrhea, etc.

Radioactivity in atomic-bomb samples from exposure to environmental neutrons.

For about one decade, activation measurements performed on environmental samples from a distance larger than 1 km from the hypocenter of the atomic-bomb explosion over Hiroshima suggested much higher thermal neutron fluences to the survivors than predicted. This caused concern among the radiation protection community and prompted a complete re-evaluation of all aspects of survivor dosimetry. While it was shown recently that secondary neutrons from cosmic radiation and other sources have probably been the reason for the high measured concentrations of the long-lived radioisotope 36Cl in these samples, the source for high measured concentrations of the short-lived radionuclides 152Eu and 60Co has not yet been investigated in detail.

Microdosimetric study for secondary neutrons in phantom produced by a 290 MeV/nucleon carbon beam.

Absorbed doses from main charged-particle beams and charged-particle fragments have been measured with high accuracy for particle therapy, but there are few reports for doses from neutron components produced as fragments. This study describes the measurements on neutron doses produced by carbon beams; microdosimetric distributions of secondary neutrons produced by 290 MeV/nucleon carbon beams have been measured by using a tissue equivalent proportional counter at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The microdosimetric distributions of the secondary neutron were measured on the distal and lateral faces of a body-simulated acrylic phantom (300 mm height x 300 mm width x 253 mm thickness).

Neutron-induced 63Ni in copper samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki: a comprehensive presentation of results obtained at the Munich Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory.

Those inhabitants of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who were affected by the A-bomb explosions, were exposed to a mixed neutron and gamma radiation field. Few years later about 120,000 survivors of both cities were selected, and since then radiation-induced late effects such as leukemia and solid tumors are being investigated in this cohort. When the present study was initiated, the fast neutron fluences that caused the neutron doses of these survivors had never been determined experimentally.

Microdosimetric evaluation of secondary particles in a phantom produced by carbon 290 MeV/nucleon ions at HIMAC.

Microdosimetric single event spectra as a function of depth in a phantom for the 290 MeV/nucleon therapeutic carbon beam at HIMAC were measured by using a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC). Two types of geometries were used: one is a fragment particle identification measurement (PID-mode) with time of flight (TOF) method without a backward phantom, and the other is an in-phantom measurement (IPM-mode) with a backward phantom. On the PID-mode geometry, fragments produced by carbon beam in a phantom are identified by the DeltaE-TOF distribution between two scintillation counters positioned up- and down-stream relative to the tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC).

Microdosimetric evaluation of the 400 MeV/nucleon carbon beam at HIMAC.

Microdosimetric single event spectra were determined as a function of depth in an acrylic phantom for the carbon beam at HIMAC using a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) coupled to a scintillation counter system. The fragments produced by the carbon beam were identified by the deltaE-time of flight distribution obtained from two scintillation counters which were positioned at the up- and down-stream of the TEPC. Lineal energy distribution for the carbon beam and its five fragments, namely, proton, helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron ions, were measured in the lineal-energy range of 5-1000 keV/microm at five phantom depths between 0 and 230 mm.

Microdosimetry of neutron field for boron neutron capture therapy at Kyoto university reactor.

Microdosimetric single event spectrum in a human body simulated by an acrylic phantom has been measured for the clinical BNCT field at the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). The recoil particles resulting from the initial reaction and subsequent interactions, namely protons, electrons, alpha particles and carbon nuclei are identified in the microdosimetric spectrum. The relative contributions to the neutron dose from proton, alpha particles and carbon are estimated to be about 0.