Multiple defects in the formation of rat cortical axonal pathways following prenatal X-ray irradiation.

Prenatal X-ray irradiation is known to result in severe defects of neuronal migration and laminar formation in the cerebral cortex. We examined the formation of cortical afferent and efferent pathways in rats that had been exposed to X-ray irradiation (1.0 Gy) at embryonic day 14 (E14), by birthdating with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and axonal labeling with 1-1'-dioctodecyl-3,3,3',3'- tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), in addition to immunohistochemical staining for various axonal markers including neurofilament, and cell adhesion molecules L1 and TAG-1.

Expression and immunohistochemical localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 in the migratory pathway from the rat olfactory placode.

The localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry in the developing rat olfactory region with special relation to the spatiotemporal location of NCAM, a neural cell adhesion molecule expressed in differentiated neurons, and the calcium-binding protein calbindin D-28k, a marker of neurons migrating from the vomeronasal organ anlage (Y. Toba et al. (2001) J.

Aberrant trajectory of ascending dopaminergic pathway in mice lacking Nkx2.1.

In the embryonic brain, the transcription factor Nkx2.1 is localized in the medial ganglionic eminence and the ventromedial part of the hypothalamus. In the present study, we examined the development of mesencephalic dopamine (DA) neuron system in mice lacking Nkx2.

Subpial neuronal migration in the medulla oblongata of Pax-6-deficient rats.

In rat fetuses, neurons generated in the lower rhombic lip on embryonic day 14 (E14) specifically express the transcription factor Pax-6 and migrate circumferentially in the subpial region along axons which are immunoreactive for TAG-1, a neural cell adhesion molecule. These neurons ultimately settle from E17 in the contralateral medulla oblongata to form the precerebellar nuclei, the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei. We have examined this migratory process in rat small eye (rSey2) which has a mutation in the Pax-6 gene.

Melanin-concentrating hormone neuron system: the Wide Web that controls the feeding.

Recent evidence indicates that the hypothalamic control system of food intake involves many feeding-related neuropeptides. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), one of a group of potent orexigenic peptides, is exclusively produced in neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area that give off fibers to the widespread brain regions. The receptor of MCH was recently identified to be localized in cell bodies and dendritic processes of particular neurons throughout the brain, in close spatial relation to MCH fibers.

Low dose effect of in utero exposure to bisphenol A and diethylstilbestrol on female mouse reproduction.

In utero exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA) at doses relevant to human consumption has been reported to accelerate weight gain and puberty in female mice, but the effect of low dose BPA on female reproduction has not been described. In this study, we investigated low dose effects of BPA on sexual maturation and reproduction in female ICR/Jcl mice. Pregnant ICR mice (F0) were injected (s.