Hollow Mo/MoS Nanoreactors with Tunable Built-in Electric Fields for Sustainable Hydrogen Production.

Constructing built-in electric field (BIEF) in heterojunction catalyst is an effective way to optimize adsorption/desorption of reaction intermediates, while its precise tailor to achieve efficient bifunctional electrocatalysis remains great challenge. Herein, the hollow Mo/MoS nanoreactors with tunable BIEFs are elaborately prepared to simultaneously promote hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) for sustainable hydrogen production. The BIEF induced by sulfur vacancies can be modulated from 0.

Oxygen Vacancy Enabled Electronic Structure Engineering of Pt-WO Nanosheets toward Highly Efficient BTEX Sensing.

A Pt nanoparticle-immobilized WO material is a promising candidate for catalytic reactions, and the surface and electronic structure can strongly affect the performance. However, the effect of the intrinsic oxygen vacancy of WO on the d-band structure of Pt and the synergistic effect of Pt and the WO matrix on reaction performance are still ambiguous, which greatly hinders the design of advanced materials. Herein, Pt-decorated WO nanosheets with different electronic metal-support interactions are successfully prepared by finely tuning the oxygen vacancy structure of WO nanosheets.

Analysis of the effect of flow channel structures on the centrifugal accelerated motion of particles in a vacuum state.

In this study, the impact of flow channel structures on the acceleration of metal particles in a vacuum environment is explored, with the aim of enhancinge the acceleration quality in the centrifugal impact molding of metal powders. To assess this phenomenon, three evaluation indices are introduced: the average speed of particles thrown , the average speed of the particles , and the particle velocity distribution V (t). Additionally, the effects of six distinct runner structures on the centrifugal acceleration of the particles are analyzed in this research.

Spark plasma sintered porous Ni as a novel substrate of NiSe@Ni self-supporting electrode for ultra-durable hydrogen evolution reaction.

Developing efficient and durable self-supporting catalytic electrodes is an important way for industrial applications of hydrogen evolution reaction. Currently, commercial nickel foam (NF)-based electrode has been widely used due to its good catalytic performance. However, the NF consisting of smooth skeleton surface and large pores not only exhibits poor conductivity but also provides insufficient space for catalyst decoration and sufficient adhesion, resulting in inadequate catalytic performance and poor durability of NF-based electrodes.

Trifunctional L-Cysteine Assisted Construction of MoO/MoS/C Nanoarchitecture Toward High-Rate Sodium Storage.

The volume collapse and slow kinetics reaction of anode materials are two key issues for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, an "embryo" strategy is proposed for synthesis of nanorod-embedded MoO/MoS/C network nanoarchitecture as anode for SIBs with high-rate performance. Interestingly, L-cysteine which plays triple roles including sulfur source, reductant, and carbon source can be utilized to produce the sulfur vacancy-enriched heterostructure.

One-step Sintering Synthesis of NiSe-Ni Electrode with Robust Interfacial Bonding for Ultra-stable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Exploring efficient and robust self-supporting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrodes using simple, accessible, and low-cost synthetic processes is crucial for the commercial application of water electrolysis at high current densities. Ni-based self-supporting electrodes are widely studied owing to their low cost and good catalytic performance. However, to date, the preparation of Ni-based electrodes requires multistep and complex preparation processes.

Optimizing of particle accelerated rotor parameters using the discrete element method.

The acceleration capability of a centrifugal jet rotor plays a crucial role in achieving a high injection velocity of powder particles in the centrifugal impact moulding process. In this regard, the focus of this article is on optimization of the runner shape. To this end, the lengths of the first and second acceleration sections (L and L), and the angles between the first and second acceleration sections and between the second and third sections (α and α) are considered as the rotor parameters.

A Rational Design of a CoS-CoSe Heterostructure for the Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfides in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries are anticipated to be the next generation of energy storage devices because of their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the polysulfide shuttle effect of lithium-sulfur batteries restricts their commercial application. The fundamental reason for this is the sluggish reaction kinetics between polysulfide and lithium sulfide, which causes soluble polysulfide to dissolve into the electrolyte, leading to a shuttle effect and a difficult conversion reaction.

Dual CoS-Modified Tungsten Disulfide Double-Heterojunction Electrocatalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in All-pH Media.

The rational design and preparation of a heterogeneous electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has become a research hotspot, while applicable and pH-universal tungsten disulfide (WS)-based hybrid composites are rarely reported. Herein, we propose a novel hybrid catalyst (WS/CoS/CoS) comprising two heterojunctions of WS/CoS and WS/CoS, which grow on the porous skeleton of Co, N-codoped carbon (Co/NC) flexibly applicable to all-pH electrolytes. The effect of double heterogeneous coupling on HER activity is explored as the highly flexible heterojunction is conducive to tune the activity of the catalyst, and the synergistic interaction of the double heterojunctions is maximized by adjusting the proportion of heterojunction components.

Energy Conversion and Transfer in the Luminescence of CeSc(BO):Cr Phosphor.

Novel near-infrared (NIR) phosphors are in demand for light-emitting diode (LED) devices to extend their suitability for new applications and, in turn, support the sustainable and healthy development of the LED industry. The Cr has been used as an activator in the development of new NIR phosphors. However, one main obstacle for the Cr-activated phosphors is the low luminescence efficiency due to the spin-forbidden d-d transition of Cr.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of W-AlO Alloy Plates Prepared by a Wet Chemical Method and Rolling Process.

The uneven distribution and large size of the second phase weakens the effect of dispersion strengthening in ODS-W alloys. In this article, the W-AlO composite powders were fabricated using a wet chemical method, resulting in a finer powder and uniformly dispersed AlO particles in the tungsten-based alloy. The particle size of the pure tungsten powder is 1.

Interface Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al/Steel Bimetallic Composites Fabricated by Liquid-Solid Casting with Rare Earth Eu Additions.

To improve the Al/Steel bimetallic interface, Eu was firstly added to the Al/Steel bimetallic interface made by liquid-solid casting. The effects of Eu addition on the microstructure, mechanical capacities, and rupture behavior of the Al/Steel bimetallic interface was studied in detail. As the addition of 0.

High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Cr-Ni-Mo Hot-Work Die Steels.

The oxidation of 3Cr3Mo2NiW and 3CrNi3Mo steels was studied at 600 °C in air, and the test results suggest that the parabolic rate law fitted the oxidation kinetics of both steels. The microstructure, morphology, structure, and phase composition of the oxide film cross-sectional layers of the two Cr-Ni-Mo hot-work die steels were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of Cr, Ni, and Mo on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the two Cr-Ni-Mo hot-work die steels are discussed, and the oxidation mechanism is summarized.

Few-Layered WS Anchored on Co, N-Doped Carbon Hollow Polyhedron for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution.

Tungsten disulfide (WS) is well known to have great potential as an electrocatalyst, but the practical application is hampered by its intrinsic inert plane and semiconductor properties. In this work, owing to a Co-based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) that effectively inhibited WS growth, few-layered WS was confined to the surface of Co, N-doped carbon polyhedron (WS@CoS), with more marginal active sites and higher conductivity, which promoted efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For the first time, WS@CoS was prepared by mixing in one pot of a liquid phase and calcination, and WS realized uniform distribution on the polyhedron surface by electrostatic adsorption in the liquid phase.

The Effect of Vanadium Content Coupling with Heat Treatment Process on the Properties of Low-Vanadium Wear-Resistant Alloy.

The development of wear-resistant materials with excellent properties is of great research value in the manufacturing industry. In this paper, a new kind of low-vanadium wear-resistant alloy was designed and characterized to unveil the influence of vanadium content coupling with heat treatment on the microstructure, hardness, and abrasive wear property. The performances of commercial high chromium cast iron (HCCI) and the new low-vanadium wear-resistant alloy are compared.

Studies on Kinetics, Isotherms, Thermodynamics and Adsorption Mechanism of Methylene Blue by N and S Co-Doped Porous Carbon Spheres.

Heteroatom-doped carbon is widely used in the fields of adsorbents, electrode materials and catalysts due to its excellent physicochemical properties. N and S co-doped porous carbon spheres (N,S-PCSs) were synthesized using glucose and L-cysteine as carbon and heteroatom sources using a combined hydrothermal and KOH activation process. The physicochemical structures and single-factor methylene blue (MB) adsorption properties of the N,S-PCSs were then studied.

Effects of CeO Content on Friction and Wear Properties of SiCp/Al-Si Composite Prepared by Powder Metallurgy.

SiCp/Al-Si composites with different CeO contents were prepared by a powder metallurgy method. The effect of CeO content on mechanical properties, friction and wear properties of the composites was studied. The results show that with the increase in CeO content from 0 to 1.

Effects of CeO on the Si Precipitation Mechanism of SiCp/Al-Si Composite Prepared by Powder Metallurgy.

SiCp/Al-Si composites with different CeO contents were prepared by a powder metallurgy method. The effect of CeO content on the microstructure of the composites was studied. The mechanism of CeO on the precipitation of Si during sintering was analyzed by theoretical calculations.

Convenient fabrication of a core-shell Sn@TiO anode for lithium storage from tinplate electroplating sludge.

We here report a unique preparation of a high-performance core-shell Sn@TiO2 anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) from tinplate electroplating sludge via a convenient process without deep purification. The Sn@TiO2 shows excellent electrochemical performance due to its core-shell structure. This work provides insight into addressing the electroplating sludge and designing high-performance LIB anodes.

Cracking Behavior of René 104 Nickel-Based Superalloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting Using Different Scanning Strategies.

Eliminating cracks is a big challenge for the selective laser melting (SLM) process of low-weldable Nickel-based superalloy. In this work, three scanning strategies of the snake, stripe partition, and chessboard partition were utilized to prepare René 104 Ni-based superalloy, of which the cracking behavior and the residual stress were investigated. The results showed that the scanning strategies had significant effects on the cracking, residual stress, and relative density of the SLMed René 104 superalloy.

Lead-Free Perovskite Narrow-Bandgap Oxide Semiconductors of Rare-Earth Manganates.

Tremendous success has been achieved in photovoltaic (PV) applications, but PV-generated electricity still cannot compete with traditional power in terms of price. Chemically stable and nontoxic all-oxide solar cells made from earth-abundant resources fulfill the requirements for low-cost manufacturing under ambient conditions and thus are promising as the next-generation approach to solar cells. However, the main obstacles to developing all-oxide solar cells are the spectral absorbers.

Three metallic BN polymorphs: 1D multi-threaded conduction in a 3D network.

In this paper, three novel metallic sp2/sp3-hybridized boron nitride (BN) polymorphs are proposed by first-principles calculations. One of them, denoted as tP-BN, is predicted based on the evolutionary particle swarm structural search. tP-BN is composed of two interlocked rings forming a tube-like 3D network.

Facile Synthesis of Antimony Tungstate Nanosheets as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in the fields of smart phones, electric vehicles, and smart grids. With its opened Aurivillius structure, tungstate antimony oxide (SbWO, SWO), constituted of {SbO} and {WO}, is rarely investigated as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, SbWO with nanosheets morphology was successfully synthesized using a simple microwave hydrothermal method and systematically studied as an anode for lithium-ion batteries.

Different Influences of Rare Earth Eu Addition on Primary Si Refinement in Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys with Varied Purity.

The effect of alloying the Eu element on primary Si refinement in varied purity Al-16Si alloys was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, micro x-ray diffraction (μ-XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the P impurity element in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys has a great influence on the rare earths' refinement efficiency of primary Si. Coinstantaneous primary Si refinement and eutectic Si modification by Eu was obtained in high purity (HP) Al-16Si and commercial purity (CP) Al-16Si-0.

Hatted 1T/2H-Phase MoS on Ni S Nanorods for Efficient Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Media.

A new hatted 1T/2H-phase MoS on Ni S nanorods, as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media, is prepared through a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. The hat-rod structure is composed mainly of Ni S , with 1T/2H-MoS adhered to the top of the growth. Aqueous ammonia plays an important role in forming the 1T-phase MoS by twisting the 2H-phase transition and expanding the interlayer spacing through the intercalation of NH /NH .