Circulating Tumor DNA as a Novel Biomarker Optimizing Treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer is a sub-type of clinically and molecularly heterogeneous malignant disease with a worse prognosis and earlier recurrence than HER2-amplified or hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. Because of the lack of personalized therapy, genetic information is essential to early diagnosing, identifying the high risk of recurrence, guiding therapeutic management, and monitoring treatment efficiency. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a novel noninvasive, timely, and tumor specified biomarker that reliably reflects the comprehensive tumor genetic profiles.

Neoadjuvant sintilimab and chemotherapy in patients with potentially resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KEEP-G 03): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: The standard neoadjuvant treatments in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) still have either poor safety or efficacy. Better therapies are needed in China.

Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Circulating Tumor Cells and Breast Cancer Metastasis: From Enumeration to Somatic Mutational Profile.

Aims: This study investigates the association between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and breast cancer metastasis. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during the period of August 2017−October 2020. We used adjusted logistic regression, the random forest algorithm, and sensitivity analysis to study the association between CTC enumeration and tumor metastasis.

Rosiglitazone Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury Inhibiting Mitophagy and Inflammation of Neural Stem Cells.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury (SCI) are prevalent in clinical practice. Inhibition of hyperactive inflammation and proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising treatment strategy for SCI. Our previous studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of rosiglitazone (Rosi) on SCI, but its roles in inflammation inhibition and proliferation of NSCs are unknown.

Exosome encapsulated ncRNAs in the development of HCC: potential circulatory biomarkers and clinical therapeutic targets.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most deadly malignant cancer in the world and has the third highest mortality rate among cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its poor prognosis can be attributed to late diagnosis, high risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Therefore, finding a new biomarker to help us in the early diagnosis, and exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in recurrence and drug resistance is a reasonable research direction for clinical treatment of HCC.

MLH1 Exon 12 Gene Deletion Leading to Lynch Syndrome: A Case Report.

Introduction: Deleterious heterozygous mutation of the MLH1 gene is an important cause of Lynch syndrome (LS), an autosomal dominant cancer caused by functional defects in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) complex.

Case Report: The proband was a 35-year-old patient with confirmed colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed the absence of MLH1 and PMS2 expression in the colorectal tissue specimens of the patient.

[Amplification of Extrachromosomal Oncogene and Tumorigenesis and Development].

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a small segment of circular DNA located outside the chromosome, which has the function of self-replication. Recently, amplification of oncogenes on ecDNA has been proved to be a common phenomenon in tumor cells, and has some characteristics worth studying, such as correlation with patients' poor prognosis. Multiple chromosomal events are involved in the formation of ecDNA, and its amplification can directly increase the number of DNA copies of extra-chromosomal oncogenes and accelerate the generation and development of tumors.

Acupuncture for Cancer Pain - An Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer Pain Relief.

As current pain management methods cannot effectively control pain among cancer patients, acupuncture has developed as an adjuvant therapy for cancer pain relief. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in treating cancer pain remains controversial. Here, we briefly introduced the development of pain management, analgesic mechanisms, and acupuncture methods.

Prevalence and Distribution Characteristics of and Genes in .

Background: Carbapenem-resistant infections have caused major concern and posed a global threat to public health. As and genes are the most widely reported carbapenem resistant genes in , it is crucial to study the prevalence and geographical distribution of these two genes for further understanding of their transmission mode and mechanism.

Purpose: Here, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of and genes in carbapenem-resistant strains from a tertiary hospital and from 1579 genomes available in the NCBI database, and further analyzed the possible core structure of or genes among global genome data.

Reversal of -Mediated Colistin Resistance in by CRISPR-Cas9 System.

Purpose: The plasmid-borne mobilized colistin resistance gene () was discovered in 2015. Subsequently, the rapid horizontal transfer of gene to diverse bacterial species poses a serious threat to public health, which urgently needs the introduction of novel antimicrobial strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to sensitize bacteria to colistin and reduce the propagation of gene by curing -harboring plasmid in () using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.

Biofilm Production Ability, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in from Various Veterinary Hospitals.

() is one of the most clinically important zoonotic pathogens, but an understanding of the prevalence, biofilm formulation ability, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes of from veterinary hospitals is lacking. By characterizing in different origins of veterinary hospitals in Guangzhou, China, in 2019, we identified with the presence of in pets (17.1%), veterinarians (31.

Rectal metastasis from a previously resected carcinoma of the pancreas: a case report.

Pancreatic cancer is associated with a very poor prognosis highlighted by the close association between the disease incidence and mortality. Pancreatic cancer commonly metastasizes to the liver, peripancreas, common bile duct, stomach, duodenum, and retroperitoneum. Conversely, rectal metastasis from pancreatic cancer is extremely rare.

Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Contributes to Sorafenib Resistance by Targeting miR-140-5p/Aurora-A Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been found to play critical roles in tumorigenesis and the development of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metastasis associated with lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) has been identified as an oncogene and prognostic biomarker in HCC. Here, we demonstrated that MALAT1 expression was obviously high in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells.

PUMA-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis promotes Helicobacter pylori infection-mediated gastritis.

The molecular mechanism responsible for Helicobacter pylori infection-mediated gastritis and carcinogenesis is not yet clear. Increased evidence suggests that chronic gastritis and elevated gastric epithelial cell (GEC) apoptosis are crucial events during stomach carcinoma transformation. PUMA is a potent proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and mediates acute tissue injury.

TFAP2C-Activated MALAT1 Modulates the Chemoresistance of Docetaxel-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Chemoresistance remains a great obstacle in effective lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) treatment. Previously, we verified the role of microRNA-200b (miR-200b) in the formation of docetaxel (DTX)-resistant LUAD cells. This study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying the low level of miR-200b in DTX-resistant LUAD cells.

Non-coding RNAs as emerging regulators of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major health problem that patients suffer from around the world. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has attractive roles in increasing malignant potential and reducing sensitivity to conventional therapeutics in NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, it is now evident that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), primarily microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs contribute to tumorigenesis partially via regulating EMT.

Methylation-associated silencing of microRNA-129-3p promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis of hepatocelluar cancer by targeting Aurora-A.

Metastasis and recurrence has become one major obstacle for further improving the survival of hepatocelluar cancer (HCC) patients. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate the mechanisms involved in HCC metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the roles of microRNA (miR)-129-3p in HCC metastasis and its possible molecular mechanisms.

Cisplatin selectively downregulated the frequency and immunoinhibitory function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a murine B16 melanoma model.

The objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of cisplatin (DDP) on the frequency, phenotype and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in a murine B16 melanoma model. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with B16 cells to establish the murine melanoma model and randomly received treatment with different doses of DDP. The percentages and phenotype of MDSC after DDP treatment were detected by flow cytometry.

The emerging role of inhibitor of growth 4 as a tumor suppressor in multiple human cancers.

Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), a member of the conserved ING family, has been identified as an important tumor suppressor since it plays a critical role in the regulation of chromatin modification, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cell migration. Some observations suggest that ING4 acts as a key regulator of tumorigenesis through modifying gene transcription in part by regulating the transcription factors p53 and NF-kappaB (NF-κB). However, these models have yet to be substantiated by further investigations.

MicroRNA-145: a potent tumour suppressor that regulates multiple cellular pathways.

MicroRNAs are endogenous, small (18-25 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, which regulate genes expression by directly binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of the target messenger RNAs. Emerging evidence shows that alteration of microRNAs is involved in cancer development. MicroRNA-145 is commonly down-regulated in many types of cancer, regulating various cellular processes, such as the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and invasion, by targeting multiple oncogenes.

HDAC 1/4-mediated silencing of microRNA-200b promotes chemoresistance in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Chemoresistance is one of the most significant obstacles in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) treatment, and this process involves genetic and epigenetic dysregulation of chemoresistance-related genes. Previously, we have shown that restoration of microRNA (miR)-200b significantly reverses chemoresistance of human LAD cells by targeting E2F3. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the silencing of miR-200b are still unclear.

MicroRNAs: key players of taxane resistance and their therapeutic potential in human cancers.

The successful long-term use of taxane for cancer therapy is often prevented by the development of drug resistance in clinic. Thus, exploring the mechanisms involved is a first step towards rational strategies to overcome taxane resistance. Taxane resistance-related microRNA (miRNAs) are under investigation and miRNAs could induce the taxane resistance of tumour cells by regulating cell cycle distribution, survival and/or apoptosis pathways, drug transports, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell.

MicroRNA-650 was a prognostic factor in human lung adenocarcinoma and confers the docetaxel chemoresistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells via regulating Bcl-2/Bax expression.

Increasing evidence shows that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in malignant transformation. We investigated the clinical significance of miR-650 and its involvement in chemoresistance to docetaxel. Our results showed that the relative expression level of miR-650 was significantly higher in LAD tissues than in corresponding nontumor tissues and high level of miR-650 expression was found to be significantly associated with high incidence of lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis of LAD patients.

The role of Aurora A in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-promoting malignant phenotypes of hepatocelluar carcinoma.

Overexpression of both hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Aurora A has been found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether HIF-1α and Aurora A synergistically promote malignant phenotypes of HCC cells is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles and functional correlation of HIF-1α and Aurora A in HCC progression.