Publications by authors named "Shiyu Xiao"
Prominence of Microbiota to Predict Fibrous Stenosis in Crohn's Disease.
J Inflamm Res
February 2025
Purpose: Intestinal fibrous stenosis due to Crohn's disease (CD) is highly prevalent. Although several clinical risk factors for fibrous stenosis have been identified, such as perianal fistulizing disease, small bowel disease location, and deep mucosal ulceration, predicting fibrous stenosis remains challenging. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of CD.
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- The article DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.06.010 has been corrected for accuracy.
- This correction ensures that readers are accessing the most reliable information.
- It reflects ongoing efforts to maintain academic integrity and clarity in published research.
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play important roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal. Mel18 and Bmi1 are homologs of the PCGF subunit within the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Bmi1 (PCGF4) enhances HSC self-renewal and promotes terminal differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We took advantage of a single-center cross-sectional study to investigate the effect of different drugs on intestinal microbiota and function in Crohn's disease.
Methods: We studied the difference in fecal microbiota of Crohn's disease patients treated with mesalazine, azathioprine, and infliximab, as well as untreated patients, by metagenome and screened for differential microbiota. Further, we investigated functional differences in intestinal microbiota among the four groups.
Article Synopsis
- TNF inhibitors are commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases, but there's ongoing debate about their potential to cause inflammatory CNS diseases after treatment.
- This study aimed to evaluate the risk of these CNS events after starting TNF inhibitor therapy and to see if this risk differs among various autoimmune diseases and types of TNF inhibitors.
- The analysis included 18 studies with over 1 million patients, finding that TNF inhibitors were associated with a 36% increase in the risk of inflammatory CNS diseases compared to traditional therapies, particularly linked to demyelinating diseases.
Article Synopsis
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has seen a significant increase in incidence in the Western population, rising from 1.7 to 3.6 cases per 100,000 people from 1988 to 2020.
- Although the distribution of age, sex, and primary site remained stable, the proportion of patients diagnosed at earlier stages (I or II) declined, while use of palliative chemotherapy for metastatic cases increased.
- Despite a low overall 5-year survival rate of under 20%, there was a notable improvement in 1-year survival rates, particularly for nonmetastatic EAC patients undergoing surgery and those receiving systemic therapy for metastatic EAC.
Shale gas has been extensively extracted in the Sichuan Basin in China in recent years. To gain insight into the potential impact of shale gas wastewater (SGW) discharge, sediment in a small river receiving treated SGW, as well as cultivated soil and paddy soil irrigated by the river water were collected. The occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated/oxygenated derivatives (APAHs/OPAHs), and thiophenes were investigated, the resultant potential ecological risks were assessed subsequently.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To quantify the magnitude of the risk of total and type-specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV).
Method: Searches of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were conducted. Observational studies were included if they reported data on CCVD in AAV patients.
Background And Aims: The increasing incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has led to a gradual increase in MASLD-related hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). In this context, we aimed to investigate the association between modifiable factors and the risk of incident HCC in patients with MASLD.
Methods: Two authors independently searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from their inception to April 1, 2023.
Article Synopsis
- Osteomyelitis (OM) is an inflammatory bone condition that leads to bone necrosis and disrupts normal bone remodelling processes, but the specific mechanisms behind this disruption are still unclear.
- Researchers utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the differences in osteoclast lineages in human cortical bone across healthy, infected, and reconstructed states, applying various advanced techniques like t-SNE and gene expression assays.
- Experimental models in mice were created to study the relationships between a newly identified lineage of osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), revealing effects on bone healing and differentiation potential during different remodelling phases.
Article Synopsis
- PRL family proteins (PRL1, PRL2, PRL3) are linked to various cancers and have potential as therapeutic targets due to their roles in cancer progression and metastasis.
- The review discusses recent research on PRLs in both healthy and cancerous blood cell development, their impact on signaling pathways, and the promise of PRL-targeting therapies for blood cancers.
- Despite encouraging results from studies, developing effective PRL inhibitors for clinical use presents challenges, necessitating more selective and powerful options to enhance cancer treatment.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the connection between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and the risk of dementia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, particularly focusing on inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
- An analysis of 14 studies with over 940,000 RA patients shows that those using biological DMARDs, especially TNF inhibitors, have a lower risk of developing dementia (RR 0.76), compared to those using traditional DMARDs (RR 0.84).
- The results indicate biological DMARDs are protective against dementia, while traditional DMARDs lack significant protective effects, highlighting the need for further clinical trials on TNF inhibitors
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a new crosslinking (CXL) method, induced by enzymes, on porcine corneas. Corneal strip (10x3 mm) pairs obtained from 60 fresh porcine eyes were harvested and divided into four groups, Groups A-D. Each pair of corneal strips was incised from the central part of the same cornea; one was incubated in transglutaminase (Tgase) solution (microbial Tgase 2 produced by tissue engineering) and the other remained untreated as a control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEight paired organophosphate diesters (Di-OPs) and organophosphate triesters (Tri-OPs) were investigated in wipes from analytical instruments and 47 material samples related to household products, including textiles, electrical/electronic devices, building/ decoration materials and children's products. The total concentrations of Di-OPs ranged in 3577-95551 ng/m in the wipes and limit of detection-23002 ng/g in the materials. The Tri-OPs concentrations varied significantly in the ranges of 107218-1756892 ng/m and 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Receptor tyrosine kinase KIT is frequently activated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While high PRL2 (PTP4A2) expression is correlated with activation of SCF/KIT signaling in AML, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We discovered that inhibition of PRL2 significantly reduces the burden of oncogenic KIT-driven leukemia and extends leukemic mice survival.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Liver cirrhosis is a significant yet largely preventable and underappreciated cause of global health loss. This study aimed to profile the global and regional burdens of liver cirrhosis between 2010 and 2019 and the contributions of various aetiologies.
Method: Data on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of cirrhosis were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the micro- and nanostructures of vapor-phase-grown AlN on sputtered AlN templates, using transmission electron microscopy for analysis.
- It compares two different sample types—one grown via metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy and the other via hydride vapor-phase epitaxy—highlighting differences in dislocation propagation, voids, and crystal structure.
- Results indicate that the quality of the sputtered AlN templates significantly impacts dislocation density and structure, providing insights for improving AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet emitters.
The chemical compositions of Rodgersia aesculifolia were isolated and purified using a combination of silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were determined according to the physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. The MTT method and the ABTS kit were used to measure the cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity of all isolates, respectively.
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- - The study aimed to determine the rates, mortality, and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), using data from comprehensive searches across various medical databases.
- - Out of 12,111 patients analyzed from 18 studies, the overall incidence of AKI was 16.0%, with only 3.5% classified as ICI-induced AKI, and those with AKI faced a 51% higher risk of death compared to those without.
- - Key risk factors for developing AKI included preexisting kidney issues, diabetes, certain immune-related side effects, and the use of specific drugs like ipilimumab and certain combinations of ICIs.
Pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) presents a distinct phenotype from adult-onset disease. A dysregulated immune response is critical in CD pathogenesis; thus, it is clinically important to describe immune cell alterations and to identify a new molecular classification for pediatric CD. To this end, in this study, a RNA-seq derived dataset GSE101794-which contains the expression profiles of 254 treatment-naïve pediatric CD samples, including CIBERSORTx and weighted gene-co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)-were performed to estimate the ratio of immune cells and to identify modules and genes related to specific immune cell infiltration, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cell cycle dysregulation characterized by cyclin D1 overexpression is common in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), while mitotic disorder was less studied. Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20), an essential mitotic regulator, was highly expressed in various tumors. Another common abnormality in MCL is p53 inactivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver 70% of the earth's surface is covered by oceans; globally, oceans provides a huge source of wealth to humans. In the literature, several sensors have been developed to investigate oceans. Electrical conductivity temperature depth (CTD) sensors were used frequently and extensively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with poor prognosis. FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (FLT3) is one of the major oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases aberrantly activated in AML. Although protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL2 is highly expressed in some subtypes of AML compared with normal human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, the mechanisms by which PRL2 promotes leukemogenesis are largely unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To quantify the risk of overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as venous thromboembolism in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analyses.
Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 1 November 2021 and updated on 26 May 2022.