Medicinal Plant Extracts Targeting UV-Induced Skin Damage: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

The depletion of the ozone layer has intensified ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, photoaging, and skin cancer. Medicinal plants, widely used in Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM), particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential due to their well-characterized active compounds and established photoprotective effects. This review systematically evaluates 18 medicinal plants selected based on their traditional use in skin-related conditions and emerging evidence supporting their efficacy against UV-induced skin damage.

Proteasomal processing of the viral replicase ORF1 facilitates HEV-induced liver fibrosis.

Chronic infections with hepatitis E virus (HEV), especially those of genotype 3 (G3), frequently lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients. However, the causation and mechanism of liver fibrosis triggered by chronic HEV infection remain poorly understood. Here, we found that the viral multiple-domain replicase (ORF1) undergoes unique ubiquitin-proteasomal processing leading to formation of the EV-erived MAD ctivator (HDSA), a viral polypeptide lacking putative helicase and RNA polymerase domains.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 Alleviates Helicobacter pylori-Induced Intestinal Inflammation by Sustaining Intestinal Homeostasis.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection poses significant risks for gastric cancer and intestinal inflammation, yet effective prevention strategies for intestinal inflammation remain elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 (L.

RNase P cleavage of pseudoknot substrates reveals differences in active site architecture that depend on residue N-1 in the 5' leader.

We show that a small biotin-binding RNA aptamer that folds into a pseudoknot structure acts as a substrate for bacterial RNase P RNA (RPR) with and without the RNase P C5 protein. Cleavage in the single-stranded region in loop 1 was shown to depend on the presence of a RCCA-motif at the 3' end of the substrate. The nucleobase and the 2'hydroxyl at the position immediately 5' of the cleavage site contribute to both cleavage efficiency and site selection, where C at this position induces significant cleavage at an alternative site, one base upstream of the main cleavage site.

Deciphering the hepatitis E virus ORF1: Functional domains, protein processing, and patient-derived mutations.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. The HEV open reading frames (ORF1) encodes a large non-structural protein essential for viral replication, which contains several functional domains, including helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. A confusing aspect is that, while RNA viruses typically encode large polyproteins that rely on their enzymatic activity for processing into functional units, the processing of the ORF1 protein and the mechanisms involved remain unclear.

Isosteric 3D Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane (BCP) Core-Based Lipids for mRNA Delivery and CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are an essential component of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and genome editing therapeutics. Ionizable amino lipids, which play the most crucial role in enabling mRNA to overcome delivery barriers, have, to date, been restricted to two-dimensional (2D) architectures. Inspired by improved physicochemical properties resulting from the incorporation of three-dimensionality (3D) into small-molecule drugs, we report the creation of 3D ionizable lipid designs through the introduction of bicyclo[1.

Effects of Latilactobacillus sakei LZ217 on Gastric Mucosal Colonization, Metabolic Interference, and Urease Expression in Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Emerging evidence suggests differential antagonism of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) to Helicobacter pylori, posing challenges to human health and food safety due to unclear mechanisms. This study assessed 21 LAB strains from various sources on H. pylori growth, urease activity, and coaggregation.

Exopolysaccharide from alleviates gastritis in -infected mice by regulating gastric microbiota.

Introduction: Many probiotics have the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). EPS derived from these probiotics has been confirmed to regulate the host intestinal microecological balance and alleviate the symptoms of diseases caused by gastrointestinal microecological imbalance.

Results: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain with good exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing ability, namely, ZFM54 ( ZFM54) was screened.

In vivo editing of lung stem cells for durable gene correction in mice.

In vivo genome correction holds promise for generating durable disease cures; yet, effective stem cell editing remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that optimized lung-targeting lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) enable high levels of genome editing in stem cells, yielding durable responses. Intravenously administered gene-editing LNPs in activatable tdTomato mice achieved >70% lung stem cell editing, sustaining tdTomato expression in >80% of lung epithelial cells for 660 days.

Advances in targeted therapy for gastric cancer based on tumor driver genes.

As the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of gastric cancer deepens and the identification of gastric cancer driver genes advances, drugs targeting gastric cancer driver genes have been applied in clinical practice. Among them, trastuzumab, as the first targeted drug for gastric cancer, effectively inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells by targeting overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Trastuzumab has become the standard treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer patients.

The impact of varying trolley case usage modes and weights on body posture.

Objective: To study the body posture characteristics when walking with trolley case, and to explore the effects of different usage methods and weights of trolley case on body posture characteristics.

Methods: Fifteen subjects pushed and pulled(Condition 1 and 2) the case with three load weights of 10 %, 20 % and 30 % of their own body weight with 0 % no load as baseline for both conditions. The basic gait parameters, kinematic and kinetic data were collected using the VICON infrared motion capture system and a 3D force platform.

Current status and influencing factors of health literacy among older adults in combined medical and nursing care institutions: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Health literacy is linked to the health status of older adults and is a critical component in achieving active aging. This study to characterize the current health literacy status among older adults in combined medical and nursing care institutions, as well as the factors that influenced this status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sampling method to select 740 older adults who were in 16 combined medical and nursing care institutions in Chengdu, China, from July 2022 to June 2023, using the Health Literacy Management Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey.

Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Polyamide/Silver Nanoparticle Pore Array as a Highly Sensitive and Reproducible SERS Substrate for Pesticide Detection in Water.

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are self-assembled onto the polyamide (PA) pore array through hydrogen bonding, resulting in and optimizing the PA/Ag 3D pore array substrates. The best surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is obtained with a pore depth of 500 nm in the PA array, 30 nm AgNPs, at a pH of 5.0, and a 24 h assembly time.

Two-Dimensional Amorphous Titanium Dioxide/Silver (TiO/Ag) Nanosheets as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate for Highly Sensitive Detection.

For the purpose of investigating the chemical enhancement of amorphous semiconductors as well as increasing the sensitivity of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate, titanium dioxide (TiO) precursors were calcined at different temperatures to generate crystallized TiO (c-TiO) and amorphous TiO (a-TiO) nanosheets, respectively. Afterward, a two-dimensional (2D) a-TiO/Ag nanosheet SERS substrate was successfully fabricated using electrostatic interaction between a-TiO and Ag nanoparticles. In order to demonstrate a greater SERS sensitivity on a-TiO/Ag compared to either c-TiO or Ag nanoparticles alone, the SERS probe molecules rhodamine 6G (R6G) and malachite green (MG) were utilized.

Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly successful human pathogen that colonizes stomach in around 50% of the global population. The colonization of bacterium induces an inflammatory response and a substantial rise in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mostly derived from host neutrophils and gastric epithelial cells, which play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections.

Hydrophilic magnetic TiCT-based nanocomposite as an efficient boron adsorbent: Synthesis, characterization, and application.

It is widely recognized that wastewater containing boron is an environmental issue. Therefore, the development of adsorbents with excellent adsorption capacity, stability, and recyclability is essential in water treatment applications. A FeO/PDA/TiCT/PEI/DHHA nanocomposite has been prepared that can be used to separate and recover boric acid by adjusting the pH of the solution, based on the affinity theory of boric acid and cis-diol.

Importance of residue 248 in Escherichia coli RNase P RNA mediated cleavage.

tRNA genes are transcribed as precursors and RNase P generates the matured 5' end of tRNAs. It has been suggested that residue - 1 (the residue immediately 5' of the scissile bond) in the pre-tRNA interacts with the well-conserved bacterial RNase P RNA (RPR) residue A (Escherichia coli numbering). The way A interacts with residue - 1 is not clear.

Achieving Stable and Switchable Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Polymer-Based Luminescent Materials with Three-Dimensional Covalent Networks for Light-Manipulated Anticounterfeiting.

Developing polymer-based organic afterglow materials with switchable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) that are insensitive to moisture remains challenging. Herein, two organic luminogens, BBCC and BBCS, were synthesized by attaching 7-benzo[]carbazole (BBC) to benzophenone and diphenyl sulfone. These two emitters were employed as guest molecules and doped into epoxy polymers (EPs), which were constructed by in situ polymerization to achieve polymer materials BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 Reduces Helicobacter pylori Adhesion and Inflammation by Inhibiting the Expression of Adhesin and Urease Genes.

Scope: The present study aims to investigate the anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 (L. plantarum ZJ316) both in vitro and in vivo.

Identification of different types of tumors based on photoacoustic spectral analysis: preclinical feasibility studies on skin tumors.

Significance: Collagen and lipid are important components of tumor microenvironments (TME) and participates in tumor development and invasion. It has been reported that collagen and lipid can be used as a hallmark to diagnosis and differentiate tumors.

Aim: We aim to introduce photoacoustic spectral analysis (PASA) method that can provide both the content and structure distribution of endogenous chromophores in biological tissues to characterize the tumor-related features for identifying different types of tumors.

Phenyl lactic acid alleviates infection in C57BL/6 mice.

is a gastric pathogen that colonizes approximately 50% of the world's population. Infection with causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and gastric cancer. In the present study, we found that phenyl lactic acid (PLA) derived from ZJ316 ( ZJ316) can directly inhibit the growth and urease activity of with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.

Targeting proteostasis of the HEV replicase to combat infection in preclinical models.

Background & Aims: Appropriate treatment options are lacking for hepatitis E virus (HEV)-infected pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Thus, we aimed to identify efficient anti-HEV drugs through high-throughput screening, validate them in vitro and in vivo (in a preclinical animal study), and elucidate their underlying antiviral mechanism of action.

Methods: Using appropriate cellular and rodent HEV infection models, we studied a critical pathway for host-HEV interactions and performed a preclinical study of the corresponding antivirals, which target proteostasis of the HEV replicase.

Targeting TBK1 attenuates ocular inflammation in uveitis by antagonizing NF-κB signaling.

Uveitis with complex pathogenesis is a kind of eye emergency involving refractory and blinding inflammation. Dysregulation of TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which plays an important role in innate immunity, often leads to inflammatory diseases in various organs. However, the role of TBK1 in uveitis remains elusive.