spores displaying GRA12 induce immunity against acute toxoplasmosis.

Background: () is a widely prevalent intracellular parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals and causes serious public health problems. The drugs currently used to treat toxoplasmosis have the disadvantage of being toxic and prone to the development of resistance, and the only licensed vaccine entails a risk of virulence restoration. The development of a safe and effective vaccine against is urgently needed.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves cortical functional topological properties and intracortical facilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Our study aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms of taVNS in the motor symptoms of PD, focusing on the topological properties of cortical functional networks and cortical excitability. Thirty-two PD patients underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial magnetic stimulation evaluation prior to and after two-week taVNS, which were controlled by 20 healthy controls (HCs). PD patients exhibited decreased nodal efficiency (Ne) in the right M1 and increased Ne in the left pre-motor and supplementary motor area compared with HCs.

Real-world safety analysis of deutetrabenazine post-marketing: a disproportionality study leveraging the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Background: Deutetrabenazine, a selective vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, has been demonstrated efficacy in treating refractory neurologic disorders such as Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) and Huntington's disease but have potential adverse events (AEs) that require detailed pharmacovigilance. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the safety profile of deutetrabenazine in real-world settings by analyzing AEs reported from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective pharmacovigilance study using FAERS data from Q3 2017 to Q3 2024, focusing on deutetrabenazine-related AEs.

Carbon Dots@Upconversion Nanoparticles: Conjugate Manipulation and Luminophor Confinement Enabling Aqueous-Phase Orthogonal Multicolor Phosphorescence-Upconversion Luminescence.

Developing single-particle nanocomposite with aqueous-phase orthogonal multicolor phosphorescence or multimodal luminescence holds great significance for optical coding, anti-counterfeiting encryption, bioimaging, and biosensing. However, it faces challenges such as a limited range of emission wavelengths and difficulties in controlling the synthesis process. In this work, a conjugate structure manipulation integrated luminophor confinement strategy is proposed to prepare carbon dots@upconversion nanoparticles (CDs@UCNPs) featuring aqueous-phase orthogonal multicolor room-temperature phosphorescence-upconversion luminescence (RTP-UCL) through wet-chemical synthetic methods.

Transcriptome analysis reveals a new virulence-associated trimeric autotransporter responsible for Glaesserella parasuis autoagglutination.

Capsular polysaccharide is an important virulence factor of Glaesserella parasuis. An acapsular mutant displays multiple phenotype variations, while the underlying mechanism for these variations is unknown. In this study, we created an acapsular mutant by deleting the wza gene in the capsule locus.

The efficacy and safety of continuous theta burst stimulation for auditory hallucinations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Auditory hallucinations are the most frequently occurring psychotic symptom in schizophrenia. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) has been used as an adjuvant treatment for auditory hallucinations. This meta-analysis focused on randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of adjuvant cTBS on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves anxiety symptoms and cortical activity during verbal fluency task in Parkinson's disease with anxiety.

Objective: To investigate the effect of 20/4Hz transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on anxiety symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the potential neural mechanism.

Methods: In the current randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 30 PD patients with anxiety (PD-A), 30 PD patients without anxiety (PD-nA), and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. PD-A patients were randomly (1:1) allotted to real taVNS stimulation group (RS) or sham stimulation group (SS) to explore the efficacy of a two-week treatment of taVNS to promote anxiety recovery.

Multimodal neuroimaging fusion unravel structural-functional-neurotransmitter change in Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders.

Background: Impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is highly multifactorial in etiology and has intricate neural mechanisms. Our multimodal neuroimaging study aimed to investigate the specific patterns of structure-function-neurotransmitter interactions underlying ICD.

Methods: Thirty PD patients with ICD (PD-ICD), 30 without ICD (PD-NICD) and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited.

Corrigendum: Lower serum insulin-like growth factor 2 level in patients with bipolar disorder is associated with the severity of manic symptoms during manic episodes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.

Lower serum insulin-like growth factor 2 level in patients with bipolar disorder is associated with the severity of manic symptoms during manic episodes.

Objective: Accumulating evidence has indicated that neurodevelopmental defects may underlie the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are a family of neurotrophic factors that are essential for the survival and development of neurons. The present study aims to investigate whether IGF-2 signaling is implicated in the pathophysiological processes of BD.

Enhanced antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus through transforming gallic acid into graphene quantum dots with stimulation of interferon-related immune responses.

With the urgent need for antiviral agents, antiviral materials with high biocompatibility and antiviral effects have attracted a lot of attention. In this study, gallic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, was transformed into biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GAGQDs) which exhibit enhanced antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV). The as-prepared GAGQDs inhibit PRV proliferation with a 10-fold reduction in viral titers.

Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in mice reveals the mechanism by which ginseng stem-leaf saponins enhance mucosal immunity induced by a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccination.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a main cause of severe enteric disease in piglets, leading to millions of dollars lost annually in the global pig industry. Parenteral vaccination is limited in generating sufficient mucosal immunity, which is crucial for early defense against PEDV. Here, we orally administered ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) to mice before parenteral vaccination and found that GSLS significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of dendritic cells, promoted the activities of CD4 T cells and increased PEDV-specific IgA antibodies in the intestinal mucosa.

Early Oral Administration of Ginseng Stem-Leaf Saponins Enhances the Peyer's Patch-Dependent Maternal IgA Antibody Response to a PEDV Inactivated Vaccine in Mice, with Gut Microbiota Involvement.

Neonatal piglets during the first week of life are highly susceptible to porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) infection, with mortality rates reaching 80-100%. Passive lactogenic immunity remains the most effective way to protect neonates from infection. Although safe, inactivated vaccines provide little or no passive protection.

Dumbbell-like upconversion nanoparticles synthesized by controlled epitaxial growth for light-heat-color tri-modal sensing of carcinoembryonic antigen.

Accurate quantitative analysis of tumor markers in a wide linear range has important practical significance towards complex clinical samples in cancer identification and monitoring of tumor development stages, but remains challenging. Herein, three-layer dumbbell-like upconversion nanoparticles NaErF:Tm@NaYF@NaNdF (labeled as UCNPs) combined with G-quadruplex (G) DNAzyme are reported for tri-modal sensing of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in a wide range using upconversion luminescence (UCL), photothermal and catalysis signal readouts. Initially, dumbbell-like UCNPs were controlled synthesized by a three-dimensional epitaxial growth strategy through tuning the concentration of Nd precursors.

Immune Enhancement of Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Ginseng Stem-Leaf Saponins on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Vaccine in Mice.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe enteric disease in pigs, particularly neonatal piglets. Current vaccines do not provide complete protection against PEDV. Ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS), a promising oral adjuvant candidate, can improve intestinal immune responses in poultry and mice.

Recent advances in single extracellular vesicle detection methods.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by a variety of cells. They are known for their pertinent role in intercellular communication, and participation in different pathological processes, making them ideal candidate for utilization as a biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In contemporary years, the concept of a well-established liquid biopsy technology, and detection and utilization of EVs as a biomarkers have received unprecedented attention.

Gold nanoclusters-poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) dots@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanohybrid based probe for ratiometric analysis of dopamine.

Ratiometric analysis of dopamine (DA) in complex biological system is urgently desired. In this work, a novel dual-emission fluorescence probe was fabricated by embedding both gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) dots into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) (abbreviated as ZIF-8@AuNCs-PFO) and applied to ratiometric analysis of DA. Remarkably, encapsulating AuNCs and PFO dots into ZIF-8 not only achieved an excellent aggregation induced emission (AIE) enhancement effect on AuNCs (5 times increase), but also brought about an unique DA-triggered asynchronous fluorescence changes of AuNCs and PFO dots.

Dual-colored carbon dots-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for high-precision detection of alkaline phosphatase activity.

Probing the level and activity of alkaline phosphatases (ALP) is of great significance for biomedical research on cellular functions and clinical diagnosis of cancers. Herein, a novel dual-colored carbon dots (CDs)-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor was constructed to accomplish high sensitive and accurate determination of ALP relyed on the difference of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between blue light emitted CDs (B-CDs)-MnO nanohybrid and yellow light emitted CDs (Y-CDs)-MnO nanohybrid. The ratiometric fluorescent sensor enabled sensitive discrimination of ALP against other enzymes in a linear range of 0.

Antiviral activity of Piscidin 1 against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Swine-origin virus infection spreading widely could cause significant economic loss to porcine industry. Novel antiviral agents need to be developed to control this situation.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the activities of five broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against several important swine-origin pathogenic viruses by TCID assay.

Caerin1.1 Suppresses the Growth of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro via Direct Binding to the Virus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has re-emerged in recent years and has already caused huge economic losses to the porcine industry all over the world. Therefore, it is urgent for us to find out efficient ways to prevent and control this disease. In this study, the antiviral activity of a cationic amphibian antimicrobial peptide Caerin1.

Target-triggered signal-on ratiometric electrochemiluminescence sensing of PSA based on MOF/Au/G-quadruplex.

Signal-amplified ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (Sa-RECL) provides an attractive approach to maximize signal-to-noise ratio through enhancing signals and eliminate interferences. In this work, we prepared a novel metal-organic framework (MOF)/Au/G-quadruplex as both quenchers and enhancers to fabricate a target-triggered ratiometric ECL sensor for high sensitive and accurate detection of prostatic specific antigen (PSA). The ratiometric ECL sensor using the dual-potential-dependent ECL emitters (quantum dots (QDs) and luminol) and MOF/Au/G-quadruplex not only achieved signal self-calibration but also realized cooperative amplification.

Cellular hnRNP A1 Interacts with Nucleocapsid Protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Impairs Viral Replication.

The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a major structural component of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is predicted to be a multifunctional protein in viral replication. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is a cellular protein participating in the splicing of pre-mRNA in the nucleus and translation regulation in the cytoplasm. According to our previous proteomic study about PEDV infection in vivo, hnRNP A1 was thought to be a cellular factor influencing PEDV replication.

The construction of recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing BVDV E2 protein and its immune response in mice.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the etiological agent of BVD causes substantial economic losses and endemic in world-wide cattle population. Mucosal immunity plays an important role in protection against BVDV infection and Lactobacillus casei is believed as an excellent live vaccine vector for expressing foreign genes. In this study, we have constructed a novel recombinant L.