Exosomal miRNAs as Participators of Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Genotoxicity and Immunotoxicity: A Two-Stage Population Study.

Genotoxic and immunosuppressive characteristics are central to the carcinogenic profile of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], with dysregulation of circulating exosomal miRNA potentially acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors or participating in the carcinogenic landscape of heavy metals through immunomodulation. In this two-stage epidemiological investigation, we unveiled for the first time the perturbations of exosomal miRNAs among individuals exposed to Cr(VI), alongside their significant correlations with biomarkers of genetic injury (γ-H2AX positivity in circulating lymphocytes and the urinary 8-OHdG levels) and immunological indicators (immunosuppressive PD-1 expression), which was supported by validation in an external cohort. Employing a support vector machine model, we discerned that exosomal miRNAs, particularly miR-4467, miR-345-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-206, exhibited a remarkable capacity to delineate the genetic damage stratum within the population with high precision, and the target genes predicted of these miRNAs further elucidated their intricate regulatory interplay with the effector biomarkers.

Health risks of rare earth elements exposure: Impact on mitochondrial DNA copy number and micronucleus frequency.

Toxic effects in terms of mitochondria and hereditary substances have been characterized in vitro for individual rare earth elements, while, the joint effects of mixed elements exposure in the population remain ambiguous. Based on the Occupational Chromate Exposure Dynamic Cohort of China, this study investigated the relationship between 15 blood rare earth elements (cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, terbium, thulium, yttrium, and ytterbium) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (MtDNACN) as well as peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus frequency (MNF). The elastic net was used to select elements highly correlated with effect indicators, whose dose-response relationships were further illustrated by restricted cubic splines.

Efficacy of Meal Replacement Products on Weight and Glycolipid Metabolism Management: A 90-Day Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Obesity.

The global obesity issue is growing increasingly serious, impacting personal health, economic development, and the sustainability of medical systems. There is an urgent need for effective weight loss strategies that can be widely implemented. This study conducted a 90-day randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of meal replacement products on weight management and glycolipid metabolism in adults with obesity.

Co-delivery of protopanaxatriol/icariin into niche cells restores bone marrow niches to rejuvenate HSCs for chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.

Background: Up to 80 % of chemotherapeutic drugs induce myelosuppression in patients. Chemotherapy not only impairs of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but also damages bone marrow niches (vascular and endosteal). Current treatments for myelosuppression overlook these chemotherapy-induced damages to bone marrow niches and the critical role of niche restoration on hematopoietic regeneration.

Relationships between blood chromium exposure and liver injury: Exploring the mediating role of systemic inflammation in a chromate-exposed population.

Hexavalent chromium and its compounds are prevalent pollutants, especially in the work environment, pose a significant risk for multisystem toxicity and cancers. While it is known that chromium accumulation in the liver can cause damage, the dose-response relationship between blood chromium (Cr) and liver injury, as well as the possible potential toxic mechanisms involved, remains poorly understood. To address this, we conducted a follow-up study of 590 visits from 305 participants to investigate the associations of blood Cr with biomarkers for liver injury, including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL), and to evaluate the mediating effects of systemic inflammation.

Immune Regulation Patterns in Response to Environmental Pollutant Chromate Exposure-Related Genetic Damage: A Cross-Sectional Study Applying Machine Learning Methods.

Exposure to hexavalent chromium damages genetic materials like DNA and chromosomes, further elevating cancer risk, yet research rarely focuses on related immunological mechanisms, which play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. We investigated the association between blood chromium (Cr) levels and genetic damage biomarkers as well as the immune regulatory mechanism involved, such as costimulatory molecules, in 120 workers exposed to chromates. Higher blood Cr levels were linearly correlated with higher genetic damage, reflected by urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and blood micronucleus frequency (MNF).

Cellular senescence mediates hexavalent chromium-associated lung function decline: Insights from a structural equation Model.

There is sufficient evidence suggesting that exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] can cause a decline in lung function and the onset of lung diseases. However, no studies have yet explored the underlying mechanisms of these effects from various perspectives such as systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence, simultaneously. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 workers engaged in chromate production and processing in China.

Preliminary delivery efficiency prediction of nanotherapeutics into crucial cell populations in bone marrow niche.

Several crucial stromal cell populations regulate hematopoiesis and malignant diseases in bone marrow niches. Precise regulation of these cell types can remodel niches and develop new therapeutics. Multiple nanocarriers have been developed to transport drugs into the bone marrow selectively.

Potential mechanisms of lung injury and repair after hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] aerosol whole-body dynamic exposure.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], known as "Top Hazardous Substances", poses a significant threat to the respiratory system. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms of toxicity and the lung's repair ability after injury remain incompletely understood. In this study, Cr(VI) aerosol whole-body dynamic exposure system simulating real exposure scenarios of chromate workers was constructed to evaluate the lung injury and repair effects.

Relationship between systemic inflammation and lung injury induced by chromate exposure: A cross-sectional study in workers.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds, known as "Group I Human Carcinogen" and "Category I Respiratory Sensitizer", posed great challenges to the respiratory system. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among chromate workers. Serum club cell protein 16 (CC16) and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were measured using ELISA.

Hexavalent chromium induces γH2AX and RAD51 involved in DNA damage repair in BEAS-2B cells by modulating LNC-DHFR-4:1.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is rarely found in nature. Its occurrence in the environment is mainly due to anthropogenic sources. Our previous studies have shown that Cr(VI) exposure could change the expression profile of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Effects of short-term high-concentration exposure to PM on pulmonary tissue damage and repair ability as well as innate immune events.

Short-term heavy air pollution still occurs frequently worldwide, especially during the winter heating period in some developing countries, which is usually accompanied by the temporary explosive growth of PM. The pulmonary damage caused by PM exposure has been determined, but there have been few studies on the repair ability after the cessation of exposure and the important role of innate immune events. This study established a short-term (30 days) high-concentration (15 mg/kg body weight) PM exposure and recovery (15 days of exposure cessation) model by intratracheal instillation.

Two-week repair alleviates hexavalent chromium-induced hepatotoxicity, hepatic metabolic and gut microbial changes: A dynamic inhalation exposure model in male mice.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has been identified as a "Group I human carcinogen" with multisystem and multiorgan toxicity. A dynamic inhalation exposure model in male mice, coupled with the hepatic metabolome and gut microbiome, was used to explore hepatotoxicity, and hepatic metabolic and gut microbial changes under the exposure scenarios in the workspace and general environment. The present study set up an exposure group (EXP) that inhaled 150 μg Cr/m for 13 weeks, a control group (CONT) that inhaled purified air, as well as a two-week repair group (REXP) after 13 weeks of exposure and the corresponding control group (RCONT).

Exploration of Whole Blood Chromium as Biomarker of Hexavalent Chromium Exposure: Based on Literature Review and Monte Carlo Simulation.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a sort of common industrial poison and environmental pollutant posing great health threat to the population. Appropriate biomarkers are indispensable indicative tools in the biological monitoring and health risk assessment of Cr(VI). In this study, we explored the rationality and feasibility of whole blood Cr serving as the biomarker of internal exposure with corroboration drawn from literature review and Monte Carlo simulation.

Lung function assessment and its association with blood chromium in a chromate exposed population.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds have been associated with various respiratory diseases, while few studies have attempted to determine its adverse effect on lung function. To explore the potential early indicators of health surveillance for respiratory diseases induced by chromate exposure, a longitudinal cohort study including 515 workers with 918 measurements across 2010-2017 was conducted to investigate the impact of individual internal exposure on lung function. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and spirometry were used to measure whole blood chromium (blood Cr) and lung function respectively.

Blood chromium exposure, immune inflammation and genetic damage: Exploring associations and mediation effects in chromate exposed population.

Both genetic damage and inappropriate immune function are relevant to cancer of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. However, its associations with immune response and genetic damage development are poorly understood. To explore their associations and mediating effects, 1249 participants were included from the Occupational Chromate Exposure Dynamic Cohort, and their blood Cr concentrations were measured as internal exposure.