The novel mechanism on the inhibition of superoxide anion generating from xanthine oxidase in the presence of myricetin.

To gain an in-depth understanding of the process of myricetin (MY) inhibiting the generation of O from Xanthine Oxidase (XOD) at a novel perspective, the inhibiting pathway is necessary to be re-elaborated through inhibitory type, thermodynamic analysis and molecular simulation. The results demonstrated that MY is indeed a potent inhibiting agent for O producing from XOD, with the maximum value of 33.78 % in the inhibition of O.

Associations between rest-activity/light-exposure rhythm characteristics and depression in United States adults: A population-based study.

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between 24-hour rest-activity rhythm (RAR), light exposure rhythm (LER), and depression symptoms in American adults, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014, N = 6852). RAR and LER characteristics were derived from a 24-hour activity recorder and analyzed using the extended cosine model, focusing on intradaily variability (IV), interdaily stability (IS), and relative amplitude (RA). Depression was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

An Improved Test Method for Assaying the Inhibition of Bioflavonoids on Xanthine Oxidase Activity in vitro.

The difference on inhibitory effects of bioflavonoids inhibiting XOD activity assayed by varying test methods cause of us to be further in consideration. The reported test method creating a micro-environment surrounding XOD in the absence of ⋅O , which is seemly different from the assay in vivo. So, the vitro test method for assaying XOD activity is necessary to be improved for selection of potential inhibitors in the presence of ⋅O .

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Accumulating evidence has revealed that the gut microbiota influences the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients. As a part of the human microbiome, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was reported to be associated with reduced effectiveness of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Sustainable Approaches to Selective Conversion of Cellulose Into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts: A Review.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as a triply catalytic product is a value-added refining chemical in industry production. 5-HMF as biomass feedstock enables to be transformed into other high-value industrial compounds, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF), and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). Hence, catalytic conversion of biomass into 5-HMF has been given much more attention by chemists.

Association of the pretreatment lung immune prognostic index with survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose: Recently, the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is considered to be associated with outcomes in multiple solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We sought to determine whether LIPI has the same predictive effect in advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods: The clinical data of a real-world, retrospective cohort of AGC patients treated with ICIs were retrospectively analyzed.

Response Efficacy of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have demonstrated promise in treating a variety of advanced cancers; however, little is known regarding their efficacy under various clinical situations, including different cancer types, treatment lines, drug combinations, and therapeutic regimens.

Methods: Published articles and conference abstracts (in English) in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register, and Web of Science were searched up to February 10, 2020. The data were analyzed by the meta-analysis program in Stata.

An Improved System to Evaluate Superoxide-Scavenging Effects of Bioflavonoids.

The pyrogallol autoxidation method has been widely utilized to evaluate various antioxidants in antioxidative bioactivities. However, this method is generally not appropriate for estimating the O radical scavenging capacity of bioflavonoids, as it enables bioflavonoids to generate O radical in oxygen-alkaline (pH 8.2) surroundings.

Prognostic value of baseline and change in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with poor performance status receiving PD-1 inhibitors.

Background: Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with poor performance status (PS) are likely to receive programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, despite limited evidence. The aim of the present study was to report the clinical outcomes and potential prognostic biomarkers in advanced NSCLC patients with poor PS receiving PD-1 inhibitors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study enrolling 101 advanced NSCLC patients from our hospital.

Efficacy and safety of crizotinib plus bevacizumab in positive non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, single-arm, prospective observational study.

Background: Crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) effective in positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Bevacizumab is an antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody, and improves clinical benefit of NSCLC in combination with EGFR-TKIs or chemotherapy. However, the efficacy and safety of crizotinib plus bevacizumab in treating naive positive NSCLC patients have not been studied.

Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1-based therapy in combination with PARP inhibitors for patients with advanced solid tumors in a real-world setting.

Background: Rationale exists for combining immune checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors (PARPi), and results of clinical trials in ovarian cancer are promising, but data in other cancers are limited.

Method: Efficacy and safety of PARPi/anti-PD-1 in advanced solid tumors were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy measures included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

The Synergistic Effect of PARP Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated great promise for treating cancers with homologous recombination (HR) defects, such as germline BRCA1/2 mutation. Further studies suggest that PARP inhibitors (PARPi) can also exhibit efficacy in HR-competent cancers, by amplifying the DNA damage and inducing immunogenic cell death, and PARPi lead to increasing tumor neoantigen, upregulation of interferons and PD-L1, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment, which may facilitate a more profound antitumor immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 have achieved impressive success in the treatment of different malignancies.

Corrigendum: Evaluation of General Synthesis Procedures for Bioflavonoid-Metal Complexes in Air-Saturated Alkaline Solutions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.

Association of the Pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index with Survival Outcomes in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with PD-1 Inhibitors.

Purpose: At present, there are no validated biomarkers that can predict whether patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) are likely to benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy. We aimed to determine whether lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is associated with outcomes in patients with aHCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors.

Patients And Methods: Patients undergoing initial treatment with PD-1 inhibitors for aHCC at a single center from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2019 were included.

Evaluation of General Synthesis Procedures for Bioflavonoid-Metal Complexes in Air-Saturated Alkaline Solutions.

The general synthesis methods of bioflavonoid-metal complexes are considered to be unreliable due to the instability of flavonoids in air-saturated alkaline solutions. In this study, dihydromyricetin (DHM), as a representative bioflavonoid, was selected for complexation with various transition metal ions in an air-saturated alkaline solution to form DHM-metal(II) complexes, following the general synthetic procedure. After characterization, the metal complexes were hydrolyzed to observe the stability of DHM under acidic conditions via HPLC.

Association of immune-related pneumonitis with the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Cutaneous adverse events (AEs) have been positively associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in patients with melanoma, but little is known regarding the association between checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A single-institution, retrospective medical record review of patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between 1 September 2015 and 1 June 2019 was conducted. A total of 276 NSCLC patients with or without immune-related pneumonitis who received at least one dose of ICIs and had at least one follow-up visit were identified.

Tumor Mutation Burden as a Potential Biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy based on programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with high PD-L1 expression or DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancer are reported to benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. However, additional biomarkers are needed, and whether tumor mutation burden (TMB) can be a robust biomarker or not is still controversial.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer patients.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a major breakthrough for cancer treatment. However, evidence regarding the use of ICIs in pancreatic cancer (PC) remained scarce. To assess the efficacy and safety of ICIs plus chemotherapy, patients with advanced PC were retrospectively recruited and were treated with either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus ICIs.

Anti-PD-1 therapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.

Background: Evidence for the efficacy of immunotherapy in biliary tract cancer (BTC) is limited and unsatisfactory.

Methods: Chinese BTC patients receiving a PD-1 inhibitor with chemotherapy, PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy or chemotherapy alone were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS).

Immunoglobulin Gamma-Like Therapeutic Bispecific Antibody Formats for Tumor Therapy.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are a sort of dual functional proteins with specific binding to two distinct targets, which have become a focus of interest in antibody engineering and drug development research and have a promising future for wide applications in cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disease. The key of clinical application and commercial-scale manufacturing of BsAbs is the amenability to assembly and purification of desired heterodimers. Advances in genetic engineering technology had resulted in the development of diverse BsAbs.

Nab-Paclitaxel in combination with Cisplatin Versus Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin as First-Line Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PC) and docetaxel both produced favorable efficacy and safety as first-line therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the comparison between nab-PC and docetaxel remained unclear until now. This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of nab-PC/cisplatin with docetaxel/cisplatin as first-line therapy in advanced NSCLC.