Habitat differentiation and environmental adaptability contribute to leaf size variations globally in C and C grasses.

The grass family (Poaceae) dominates ~43 % of Earth's land area and contributes 33 % of terrestrial primary productivity that is critical to naturally regulating atmosphere CO concentration and global climate change. Currently grasses comprise ~11,780 species and ~50 % of them (~6000 species) utilize C photosynthetic pathway. Generally, grass species have smaller leaves under colder and drier environments, but it is unclear whether the primary drivers of leaf size differ between C and C grasses on a global scale.

Variations and trade-offs in leaf and culm functional traits among 77 woody bamboo species.

Background: Woody bamboos are the only diverse large perennial grasses in mesic-wet forests and are widely distributed in the understory and canopy. The functional trait variations and trade-offs in this taxon remain unclear due to woody bamboo syndromes (represented by lignified culm of composed internodes and nodes). Here, we examined the effects of heritable legacy and occurrence site climates on functional trait variations in leaf and culm across 77 woody bamboo species in a common garden.

Buffalo-bur (S Dunal) invasiveness, bioactivities, and utilization: a review.

Dunal, belongs to the Solanaceae family and has drawn attention for its intricate interplay of invasiveness, phytochemical composition, and potential bioactivities. Notably invasive, employs adaptive mechanisms during senescence, featuring thorn formation on leaves, fruits, and stems seed self-propulsion, and resistance to drought. This adaptability has led to its proliferation in countries such as China, Canada, and Australia, extending beyond its Mexican origin.

Nitrogen addition stimulates NO emissions via changes in denitrification community composition in a subtropical nitrogen-rich forest.

Microbially driven nitrification and denitrification play important roles in regulating soil N availability and NO emissions. However, how the composition of nitrifying and denitrifying prokaryotic communities respond to long-term N additions and regulate soil NO emissions in subtropical forests remains unclear. Seven years of field experiment which included three N treatments (+0, +50, +150 kg N ha yr; CK, LN, HN) was conducted in a subtropical forest.

Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides Leaf Essential Oil against the Pathogen Verticillium dahliae.

Essential oils (EOs) are often used as natural antifungal agents to control the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides leaf EO against Verticillium dahliae, a pathogenic fungus of cotton. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed the presence of 15 compounds of the total of extracted oil, which was consisted of 98.

N and P combined addition accelerates the release of litter C, N, and most metal nutrients in a N-rich subtropical forest.

Imbalanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) depositions are profoundly shifting terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemical processes. However, how P addition and its interaction with N addition influence the release of litter carbon (C), N, P, and especially metal nutrients in subtropical forests remains unclear. Herein, a two-year field litterbag experiment was conducted in a natural subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest of southwestern China using a factorial design with three levels of N addition (0, 10, and 20 g N m y) and P addition (0, 5, 15 g P m y).

Climatic conditions affect shoot flammability by influencing flammability-related functional traits in nonfire-prone habitats.

Plant flammability is an important driver of wildfires, and flammability itself is determined by several plant functional traits. While many plant traits are influenced by climatic conditions, the interaction between climatic conditions and plant flammability has rarely been investigated. Here, we explored the relationships among climatic conditions, shoot-level flammability components, and flammability-related functional traits for 186 plant species from fire-prone and nonfire-prone habitats.

Microbial necromass under global change and implications for soil organic matter.

Microbial necromass is an important source and component of soil organic matter (SOM), especially within the most stable pools. Global change factors such as anthropogenic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) inputs, climate warming, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO ), and periodic precipitation reduction (drought) strongly affect soil microorganisms and consequently, influence microbial necromass formation. The impacts of these global change factors on microbial necromass are poorly understood despite their critical role in the cycling and sequestration of soil carbon (C) and nutrients.

Phytotoxic, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities of essential oil.

The chemical profile of essential oil (EO) and its phytotoxic, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities were assessed. Monoterpenes (79.05%) and sesquiterpenes (10.

The amounts and ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus addition drive the rate of litter decomposition in a subtropical forest.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) control biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, N and P addition effects on litter decomposition, especially biological pathways in subtropical forests, remain unclear. Here, a two-year field litterbag experiment was employed in a subtropical forest in southwestern China to examine N and P addition effects on litter biological decomposition with nine treatments: low and high N- and P-only addition (LN, HN, LP, and HP), NP coaddition (LNLP, LNHP, HNLP, and HNHP), and a control (CK).

Plant growth-promoting abilities and community structure of culturable endophytic bacteria from the fruit of an invasive plant .

Diversity of endophytic bacterial communities of capsular fruit, upper and lower seeds of an invasive plant growing in Xinjiang, China, was investigated. All isolates from the seed capsules, the upper seeds, and the lower seeds were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and sequences were compared to bacterial databases to define operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Finally, we obtained 316 endophytic isolates corresponding to 58 OTUs based on 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Activity of Artemisia selengensis Turcz. Volatiles.

The chemical profile and allelopathic action of the volatiles produced by Artemisia selengensis were studied. Artemisia selengensis was found to release volatile chemicals to the environment to influence other plants' growth, which suppressed the root length of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa annua by 50.46 % and 87.

Evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of the essential oil from Artemisia absinthium.

The chemical profile and the phytotoxicity of Artemisia absinthium essential oil (EO) were investigated to evaluate its potential value as a biopesticide for food safety purposes. A total of 54 compounds were identified in A. absinthium EO, with the most abundant constituents being eucalyptol (25.

Phthalic Acid Esters: Natural Sources and Biological Activities.

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of lipophilic chemicals widely used as plasticizers and additives to improve various products' mechanical extensibility and flexibility. At present, synthesized PAEs, which are considered to cause potential hazards to ecosystem functioning and public health, have been easily detected in the atmosphere, water, soil, and sediments; PAEs are also frequently discovered in plant and microorganism sources, suggesting the possibility that they might be biosynthesized in nature. In this review, we summarize that PAEs have not only been identified in the organic solvent extracts, root exudates, and essential oils of a large number of different plant species, but also isolated and purified from various algae, bacteria, and fungi.

Allelopathic, Phytotoxic, and Insecticidal Effects of Serg. Essential Oil and Its Major Constituents.

The chemical profile of essential oil (EO) and its allelopathic, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity was evaluated. Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were detected as the major components of the EO, representing 85.9% of the total oil.

Allelopathic Effect of (Krasch.) Poljak. Volatiles on Selected Species.

The chemical profile and allelopathic effect of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a dominant shrub (Krasch.) Poljak. growing in northwestern China was investigated for the first time.

Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oil from invasive plant, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Essential oils have been evaluated as appropriate phytotoxins with mechanisms of action that are different from those of synthetic herbicides applied in weed management activities, but little is known about the effect of Ambrosia artemisiifolia essential oil (EO) on weeds. Here, the chemical composition of A. artemisiifolia EO was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry system.

Chemical Profile and Phytotoxic Action of Hibiscus trionum Essential Oil.

The chemical profile and phytotoxic action of Hibiscus trionum essential oil (EO) was studied. In total 17 compounds were identified via GC/MS, representing 94.18 % of the entire oil, with phytol (40.

Chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of the essential oil of growing in Xinjiang, China.

The chemical profile and phytotoxic activity of the essential oil extracted from was investigated. In total 17 compounds were identified by GC/MS, representing 99.17% of the entire oil, among which α-thujone (64.

Chemical profile and phytotoxic action of Onopordum acanthium essential oil.

The potential of utilizing Onopordum acanthium essential oil and its major constituents as environment friendly herbicides was investigated. In total 29, 25, and 18 compounds were identified from flower, leaf, and stem oils, representing 94.77%, 80.

Chemical Composition, Phytotoxic, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of .

The present investigation studied the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from Bunge growing in three different localities in northwest China and evaluated the phytotoxic, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oils as well as their major constituents, i.e., sabinene and eucalyptol.

Chemical Composition and Allelopathic, Phytotoxic and Pesticidal Activities of Atriplex cana Ledeb. (Amaranthaceae) Essential Oil.

The chemical composition and allelopathic, phytotoxic and pesticidal activities of Atriplex cana Ledeb. (Amaranthaceae) essential oil were investigated. Nineteen compounds were identified via GC/MS, representing 82.

Phytotoxic Compounds Isolated from Leaves of the Invasive Weed .

The aim of this study was to identify bioactive compounds from leaves of the invasive plant and assess their phytotoxic activity. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of 6 bioactive compounds: xanthatin (), 1α,5α-epoxyxanthatin (), 4-epiisoxanthanol (), 4-epixanthanol (), loliolide () and dehydrovomifoliol (). Of them, compounds ⁻ were isolated from the for the first time.