Vertebral marrow fat fraction is associated with circulating RANKL in postmenopausal females.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between circulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels and marrow adipose tissue in postmenopausal females.

Methods: A total of 164 postmenopausal females were included in the study. Serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL were measured using ELISA kits.

Do Habitat MRI and Fractal Analysis Help Distinguish Triple-Negative Breast Cancer From Non-Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma.

To determine whether multiparametric MRI-based spatial habitats and fractal analysis can help distinguish triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from non-TNBC. Multiparametric DWI and DCE-MRI at 3T were obtained from 142 biopsy- and surgery-proven breast cancer with 148 breast lesions (TNBC = 26 and non-TNBC = 122). The contrast-enhancing lesions were divided into 3 spatial habitats based on perfusion and diffusion patterns using K-means clustering.

CT-based deep learning model for predicting hospital discharge outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objectives: To predict the functional outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using deep learning models based on computed tomography (CT) images.

Methods: A retrospective, bi-center study of ICH patients was conducted. Firstly, a custom 3D convolutional model was built for predicting the functional outcome of ICH patients based on CT scans from randomly selected ICH patients in H training dataset collected from H hospital.

Comparison of Sensory Observation and Somatosensory Stimulation in Mirror Neurons and the Sensorimotor Network: A Task-Based fMRI Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate brain plasticity by somatosensory stimulation (SS) and sensory observation (SO) based on mirror neuron and embodied cognition theory. Action observation therapy has been widely adopted for motor function improvement in post-stroke patients. However, it is uncertain whether the SO approach can also contribute to the recovery of sensorimotor function after stroke.

Effects of Total Flavonoids of Epimedium on Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in Ovariectomized Rats.

Bone marrow adipose tissue has brown fat characteristics. Several studies have demonstrated that total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) could prevent bone loss and reduce the white adiposity in bone marrow induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in rats. However, the effects of TFE on marrow brown fat in OVX rats remain unclear.

Association of Serum Ferritin With Marrow Iron Concentration Using a Three-Dimension Fat Analysis & Calculation Technique Sequence in Postmenopausal Women.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether serum iron and ferritin levels are determinants of iron accumulation in bone marrow using a three-dimension Fat Analysis & Calculation Technique (FACT) sequence.

Methods: We measured spinal marrow R2* using a 3T FACT sequence in 112 postmenopausal women (mean age, 62.6 years; range, 50-82.

Adding marrow R2∗ to proton density fat fraction improves the discrimination of osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women assessed with 3D FACT sequence.

Objective: To evaluate the role of three-dimensional Fat Analysis & Calculation Technique sequence in improving the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of osteopenia and osteoporosis by simultaneous quantification of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and fat-corrected R2∗.

Methods: Fat Analysis & Calculation Technique imaging of lumbar spine was obtained in 99 postmenopausal women including 52 normal bone mass, 29 osteopenia, and 18 osteoporosis. The diagnostic performance of PDFF and R2∗ in the differentiation of different bone-density groups was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Marrow adiposity as an indicator for insulin resistance in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes - an investigation by chemical shift-encoded water-fat MRI.

Background: Marrow fat accumulates in diabetic conditions but remains elusive. The published works on the relationships between marrow fat phenotypes and glucose homeostasis are controversial.

Purpose: To detect the association of insulin resistance with marrow adiposity in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) using chemical shift-encoded water-fat MRI.

Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care.

Unlabelled: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vital participants in normal cellular biochemistry, and their dysregulations are manifested in a variety of pathologic processes.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Detected Change in Marrow Adiposity Is Strongly Correlated to Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk.

Purpose: To determine whether marrow fat fraction (FF) is correlated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed postmenopausal breast cancer and 56 healthy controls underwent serologic test and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based FF measurements. Data were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression models to determine the independent predictors of breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characters of breast cancer.

Differential effects of bisphenol A diglicydyl ether on bone quality and marrow adiposity in ovary-intact and ovariectomized rats.

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a PPARγ2 antagonist, has been shown to inhibit marrow adipogenesis and promote bone formation in intact animals. We investigated the impact of BADGE on a new and more clinically relevant physiological model, the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. Forty female Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups for 12 wk (n = 10/group): sham+vehicle, sham+BADGE, OVX+vehicle, and OVX+BADGE.

To assess differential features of marrow adiposity between postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis using water/fat MRI.

Objective: To assess the differential features of marrow adiposity between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal women using water/fat MRI.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 97 postmenopausal women (OA [n = 25], OA + osteopenia [n = 27], OA + OP [n = 23], and OP groups [n = 22]). Water/fat MRI, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and biochemical analysis were performed to assess vertebral marrow fat fraction, bone mineral density, and bone biomarkers, respectively.

Longitudinal assessment of marrow fat content using three-point Dixon technique in osteoporotic rabbits.

Objective: In this longitudinal pilot study, we aimed to investigate the intra-, interobserver, and scan-rescan reproducibility of marrow fat fraction (FF) measurements using three-point Dixon imaging in osteoporotic rabbits: comparison with histopathology.

Methods: Twenty female rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operation and ovariectomy in combination with daily methylprednisolone hemisuccinate groups (n = 10 per group). Marrow FF by three-point Dixon technique and bone density by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks after operation.

Short- and midterm reproducibility of marrow fat measurements using mDixon imaging in healthy postmenopausal women.

Objective: We tested the short- and midterm reproducibility of vertebral marrow fat fraction (FF) measurements using mDixon imaging.

Materials And Methods: Thirty postmenopausal women underwent mDixon scans to obtain L1-4 FF from three slices per vertebra by two independent observers (session 1). Measurements were repeated after 6 weeks (session 2) and 6 months (session 3).

Comparison of chemical shift-encoded water-fat MRI and MR spectroscopy in quantification of marrow fat in postmenopausal females.

Purpose: To validate a chemical shift-encoded (CSE) water-fat imaging for quantifying marrow fat fraction (FF), using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as reference.

Materials And Methods: Multiecho T -corrected MRS and CSE imaging with eight-echo gradient-echo acquisitions at 3T were performed to calculate marrow FF in 83 subjects, including 41 with normal bone mineral density (BMD), 26 with osteopenia, and 16 with osteoporosis (based on DXA). Eight participants were scanned three times with repositioning to assess the repeatability of CSE FF map measurements.

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Intracerebral Hemorrhages at Various Stages.

Purpose: To investigate the magnetic susceptibility of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) at various stages by applying quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Materials And Methods: Blood susceptibility was measured serially using QSM after venous blood withdrawal from healthy subjects. Forty-two patients who provided written consent were recruited in this Institutional Review Board-approved study.

Panax notoginseng saponins mitigate ovariectomy-induced bone loss and inhibit marrow adiposity in rats.

Objective: Previous data have suggested that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by dual action: stimulation of new bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption. Marrow adipogenesis has been identified as a negative indicator of skeletal strength and integrity. This study assessed the effects of early PNS supplementation on bone microarchitecture preservation and marrow fat content in an ovariectomized rat model.

Phase-corrected bipolar gradients in multi-echo gradient-echo sequences for quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Objective: Large echo spacing of unipolar readout gradients in current multi-echo gradient-echo (GRE) sequences for mapping fields in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can be reduced using bipolar readout gradients thereby improving acquisition efficiency.

Materials And Methods: Phase discrepancies between odd and even echoes in the bipolar readout gradients caused by non-ideal gradient behaviors were measured, modeled as polynomials in space and corrected for accordingly in field mapping. The bipolar approach for multi-echo GRE field mapping was compared with the unipolar approach for QSM.

Influence of early zoledronic acid administration on bone marrow fat in ovariectomized rats.

Although the primary target cell of bisphosphonates is the osteoclast, increasing attention is being given to other effector cells influenced by bisphosphonates, such as osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes. Early zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment to ovariectomized (OVX) rats has been found to fully preserve bone microarchitecture over time. However, little is known regarding the influence of ZA on marrow adipogenesis.

Icariin prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss and lowers marrow adipogenesis.

Objective: Icariin prevents bone loss by stimulating new bone formation and by inhibiting bone resorption. However, less is known about how icariin affects marrow adiposity. This lack of information is a vital problem, as the degree of marrow adipogenesis may be an alternative indicator of the severity of osteoporosis in relation to the degree of osteogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.

Characterizing venous vasculatures of hepatocellular carcinoma using a multi-breath-hold two-dimensional susceptibility weighted imaging.

The aim of our study is to characterize the venous vasculatures of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a multi-breath-hold two-dimensional (2D) susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in comparison with conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences. Twenty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed HCC underwent MR examination at a 3.0 T scanner.

The temporal characterization of marrow lipids and adipocytes in a rabbit model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Objective: To characterize the temporal changes in marrow lipids content and adipocytes in the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in rabbits using MR spectroscopy.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty 20-week-old female rabbits were randomized to a control group and a GIOP group equally. Marrow lipids fraction and bone mineral density at the left proximal femur and L3-L4 vertebrae were measured by MR spectroscopy and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at week 0, 4, 8, and 12.

Marrow adiposity recovery after early zoledronic acid treatment of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in rabbits assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Background: Although there is an inverse relationship between bone mass and marrow adiposity, the reversal function of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on increased marrow fat has not been studied. The aim of our study is to use the 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to characterize the dynamical change process of the marrow fat responding to early ZOL treatment in the rabbit model with glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.

Methods: Fifteen 20-week-old female New Zealand White rabbits were randomized to control group, methylprednisolone (MPS) group, and MPS+ZOL group equally.

Reducing the object orientation dependence of susceptibility effects in gradient echo MRI through quantitative susceptibility mapping.

This study demonstrates the dependence of non-local susceptibility effects on object orientation in gradient echo MRI and the reduction of non-local effects by deconvolution using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Imaging experiments were performed on a 3T MRI system using a spoiled 3D multi-echo GRE sequence on phantoms of known susceptibilities, and on human brains of healthy subjects and patients with intracerebral hemorrhages. Magnetic field measurements were determined from multiple echo phase data.