Deep Learning Using CT Images to Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model.

This retrospective study aimed to develop and validate deep-learning-based models for grading clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. A cohort enrolling 706 patients ( = 706) with pathologically verified ccRCC was used in this study. A temporal split was applied to verify our models: the first 83.