Evaluating the influence of alternating flooding and drainage on antimony speciation and translocation in a soil-rice system.

The quantitative evaluation of antimony (Sb) accumulation in rice has garnered significant attention due to the potential risks to human health. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the essential nodes of Sb transfer in soil-rice system. Seven step extract results showed that during the flooding period, organic matter releasing was the primary factor contributing 14.

Immunological characterization and comparison of children with COVID-19 from their adult counterparts at single-cell resolution.

Introduction: The immunological characteristics that could protect children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe or fatal illnesses have not been fully understood yet.

Methods: Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on peripheral blood samples of 15 children (8 with COVID-19) and compared them to 18 adults (13 with COVID-19).

Results: The child-adult integrated single cell data indicated that children with the disease presented a restrained response to type I interferon in most of the major immune cell types, along with suppression of upstream interferon regulatory factor and toll-like receptor expression in monocytes, which was confirmed by interferon stimulation assays.

Hematite enhances microbial autotrophic nitrate removal in carbonate and phosphate-rich environments by increasing Fe(II) activity.

Groundwater contamination by nitrates presents significant risks to both human health and the environment. In groundwater characterized as oligotrophic-low in organic carbon, but abundant in carbonate and phosphate-chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, including nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (NRFeOB), play a vital role in denitrification. The chemoautotrophic nitrate reduction is sensitive to environmental factors, including widespread iron oxides like hematite in nature.

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease and connective tissue disorder successfully treated by siltuximab: a pediatric case report.

Background: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease. Idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD), representing a distinct entity in CD, is partly attributed to autoimmune abnormalities and the hyperplastic process in iMCD involving the immune system. Consequently, iMCD presents a range of overlapping manifestations with connective tissue disorder (CTD), resulting in an inability to tell whether they coexist or imitate each other.

Sequestration of Labile Organic Matter by Secondary Fe Minerals from Chemodenitrification: Insight into Mineral Protection Mechanisms.

Labile organic matter (OM) immobilized by secondary iron (Fe) minerals from chemodenitrification may be an effective way to immobilize organic carbon (OC). However, the underlying mechanisms of coupled chemodenitrification and OC sequestration are poorly understood. Here, OM immobilization by secondary Fe minerals from chemodenitrification was investigated at different C/Fe ratios.

Facile low-temperature supercritical carbonization method to prepare high-loading nickel single atom catalysts for efficient photodegradation of tetracycline.

Environmental photocatalysis is a promising technology for treating antibiotics in wastewater. In this study, a supercritical carbonization method was developed to synthesize a single-atom photocatalyst with a high loading of Ni (above 5 wt.%) anchored on a carbon-nitrogen-silicate substrate for the efficient photodegradation of a ubiquitous environmental contaminant of tetracycline (TC).

Effects of zero-valent iron added in the flooding or drainage process on cadmium immobilization in an acid paddy soil.

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is a promising material for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils. However, the effects of ZVI added during flooding or drainage processes on cadmium (Cd) retention remain unclear. Herein, Cd-contaminated paddy soil was incubated for 40 days of flooding and then for 15 days of drainage, and the underlying mechanisms of Cd immobilization coupled with Fe/S/N redox processes were investigated.

Biogeochemical cycling in paddy soils controls antimony transformation: Roles of iron (oxyhydr)oxides, organic matter and sulfate.

In paddy fields, periodic flooding and drainage phases can significantly affect the availability of antimony (Sb), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, Sb-contaminated paddy soil was incubated under anaerobic (40 day) and subsequently aerobic (40-55 day) conditions. The Sb fractions was investigated and a kinetic model was established to quantitatively evaluate the main processes controlling Sb transformation.

Protective effect of Dunn extract on oxidative damage of LLC‑PK1 cells induced by HO.

Dunn extract (PPDE) is a well-known treatment used in traditional Chinese medicines, where it is most commonly used to treat coughs and symptoms such as headaches and fever. In the present study, the antioxidant capacity of PPDE was determined by scavenging experiments using DPPH, ABTS·, ·OH, and ·O. The cell survival rate was determined by MTT assay.

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Castleman disease in children: a retrospective cohort in China.

Unlabelled: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of undetermined etiology. Unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD (MCD) are two phenotypes of CD diagnosed by the histopathology of lymph nodes. We attempted to describe a pediatric CD cohort to optimize the management of this disease.

Novel Insight into Microbially Mediated Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II) Oxidation by sp. Strain BoFeN1 Using Dual N-O Isotope Fractionation.

Microbially mediated nitrate reduction coupled with Fe(II) oxidation (NRFO) plays an important role in the Fe/N interactions in pH-neutral anoxic environments. However, the relative contributions of the chemical and microbial processes to NRFO are still unclear. In this study, N-O isotope fractionation during NRFO was investigated.

Transformation kinetics of exogenous lead in an acidic soil during anoxic-oxic alteration: Important roles of phosphorus and organic matter.

Lead (Pb) can enter soil environment during flooding events such as surface runoff and intensive rainfall. However, the key transformation processes of exogenous Pb during anoxic-oxic alteration remain poorly understood particularly how phosphorus and organic matter contribute to Pb immobilization/release. Here, a kinetic model was established to investigate the Pb transformation in an acidic soil with two levels of Pb contamination under alternating anoxic-oxic conditions, based on the results of seven-step sequential extraction, dissolved organic carbon, sulfate, iron, phosphorus, and surface sites.

A small extent of seawater intrusion significantly enhanced Cd uptake by rice in coastal paddy fields.

Paddy fields located around estuaries suffer from seawater intrusion, and how and to what extent salinity levels influence Cd accumulation in rice grains is still unclear. Pot experiments were carried out by cultivating rice under alternating flooding and drainage conditions with different salinity levels (0.2‰, 0.

The key roles of Fe oxyhydroxides and humic substances during the transformation of exogenous arsenic in a redox-alternating acidic paddy soil.

Arsenic (As) from mine wastewater is a significant source for acidic paddy soil pollution, and its mobility can be influenced by alternating redox conditions. However, mechanistic and quantitative insights into the biogeochemical cycles of exogenous As in paddy soil are still lacking. Herein, the variations of As species in paddy soil spiking with As(III) or As(V) were investigated in the process of 40 d of flooding followed 20 d of drainage.

Reductive Sequestration of Cr(VI) and Immobilization of C during the Microbially Mediated Transformation of Ferrihydrite-Cr(VI)-Fulvic Acid Coprecipitates.

Cr(VI) detoxification and organic matter (OM) stabilization are usually influenced by the biological transformation of iron (Fe) minerals; however, the underlying mechanisms of metal-reducing bacteria on the coupled kinetics of Fe minerals, Cr, and OM remain unclear. Here, the reductive sequestration of Cr(VI) and immobilization of fulvic acid (FA) during the microbially mediated phase transformation of ferrihydrite with varying Cr/Fe ratios were investigated. No phase transformation occurred until Cr(VI) was completely reduced, and the ferrihydrite transformation rate decreased as the Cr/Fe ratio increased.

Dissolved organic matter derived from biodegradable microplastic promotes photo-aging of coexisting microplastics and alters microbial metabolism.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) leaching from biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) and its characteristics and corresponding environmental implication are rarely investigated. In this study, the main component of DOM leachate from the two BMPs (polyadipate/butylene terephthalate (PBAT)/polycaprolactone (PCL)) was verified by using excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). The PBAT-DOM (PBOM) was aromatized and terrestrial.

Transformation kinetics of exogenous nickel in a paddy soil during anoxic-oxic alteration: Roles of organic matter and iron oxides.

Nickel is generally released from flooded soils; however, the key Ni transformation processes in soils that are freshly contaminated by Ni during anoxic-oxic alteration remain unclear. We developed a kinetic model to investigate the Ni transformation in paddy soils under anoxic and oxic conditions based on the results of the seven-step sequential extraction, determination of dissolved and soil organic matter, and surface site quantification, which provide the kinetic data of different Ni fractions, organic matter, and reactive sites for modeling. The dissolved, exchangeable, and specifically adsorbed Ni was gradually transferred to fulvic complex, humic complex, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and sulfide bound Ni after 40 d of anoxic incubation due to the increase in pH and soil surface sites, which were mainly induced by Fe(III) oxide reduction and soil organic matter release.

Retention and transformation of exogenous Hg in acidic paddy soil under alternating anoxic and oxic conditions: Kinetic and mechanistic insights.

To estimate the risks and developing remediation strategies for the mercury (Hg)-contaminated soils, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of Hg transformation and migration in the redox-changing paddy fields. In present study, a Hg-spiked acidic paddy soil (pH 4.52) was incubated under anoxic conditions for 40 d and then under oxic conditions for 20 d.

Mechanistic insights into the detoxification of Cr(VI) and immobilization of Cr and C during the biotransformation of ferrihydrite-polygalacturonic acid-Cr coprecipitates.

Coupled reactions among chromium (Cr), organic matter (OM), and iron (Fe) minerals play significant roles in Cr and carbon (C) cycling in Cr-contaminated soils. Although the inhibitory effects of Cr or polysaccharides acid (PGA) on ferrihydrite transformation have been widely studied, mechanistic insights into detoxification of Cr(VI) and immobilization of Cr and C during the microbially mediated reductive transformation of ferrihydrite remain unclear. In this study, underlying sequestration mechanisms of Cr and C during dissimilatory Fe reduction at various Cr/Fe ratios were investigated.

Effect of phosphate on ferrihydrite transformation and the associated arsenic behavior mediated by sulfate-reducing bacterium.

Although PO is commonly found in association with iron (oxyhydr)oxide, the effect of PO on ferrihydrite reduction, mineralogical transformation, and associated As behavior in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-rich environments remains unclear. In this study, batch experiments, together with geochemical, mineralogical, and biological analyses, were conducted to elucidate these processes. The results showed that SRB can reduce ferrihydrite via direct and indirect processes, and PO promoted ferrihydrite reduction by supporting SRB growth at low and medium PO loadings.

Injectable bioactive glass/sodium alginate hydrogel with immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties for enhanced tendon healing.

Tendon healing is a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, eventually achieving a state of hypocellularity and hypovascularity. Currently, few treatments can satisfactorily restore the structure and function of native tendon. Bioactive glass (BG) has been shown to possess immunomodulatory and angiogenic properties.