High air humidity dampens salicylic acid pathway and NPR1 function to promote plant disease.

The occurrence of plant disease is determined by interactions among host, pathogen, and environment. Air humidity shapes various aspects of plant physiology and high humidity has long been known to promote numerous phyllosphere diseases. However, the molecular basis of how high humidity interferes with plant immunity to favor disease has remained elusive.

Puffball spores improve wound healing in a diabetic rat model.

Persistent chronic oxidative stress is a primary pathogenic characteristics of diabetic foot ulcers. Puffball spores are a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat diabetic foot ulcers infections and bedsores. However, their effects against diabetic wounds and the mechanism underlying these effects remain largely unknown.

Regulation and integration of plant jasmonate signaling: a comparative view of monocot and dicot.

The phytohormone jasmonate plays a pivotal role in various aspects of plant life, including developmental programs and defense against pests and pathogens. A large body of knowledge on jasmonate biosynthesis, signal transduction as well as its functions in diverse plant processes has been gained in the past two decades. In addition, there exists extensive crosstalk between jasmonate pathway and other phytohormone pathways, such as salicylic acid (SA) and gibberellin (GA), in co-regulation of plant immune status, fine-tuning the balance of plant growth and defense, and so on, which were mostly learned from studies in the dicotyledonous model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato but much less in monocot.

Bacterial effectors manipulate plant abscisic acid signaling for creation of an aqueous apoplast.

Phytopathogens like Pseudomonas syringae induce "water soaking" in the apoplastic space of plant leaf tissue as a key virulence mechanism. Water soaking is commonly observed in diverse pathosystems, yet the underlying physiological basis remains largely elusive. Here, we show that one of the strong P.

Loss of chemerin triggers bone remodeling in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: It was reported that chemerin as an adipocyte-secreted protein could regulate bone resorption and bone formation. However, the specific molecular and gene mechanism of the chemerin role is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of chemerin in bone metabolism.

A promising biomarker of elevated galanin level in hypothalamus for osteoporosis risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. T2DM is considered to be a risk factor for osteoporosis. Interestingly, several epidemiological studies suggest that bone abnormalities associated with diabetes may differ, at least in part, from those associated with senile or post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Epigenetic inactivation of transforming growth factor-β1 target gene HEYL, a novel tumor suppressor, is involved in the P53-induced apoptotic pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like (HEYL) protein was first identified as a transcriptional repressor. It is a downstream gene of the Notch and transforming growth factor-β pathways. Little is known about its role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).