Nebulized vs IV Tranexamic Acid for Hemoptysis: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TA) is used to control bleeding in patients with hemoptysis. However, the effectiveness of the different routes of TA administration has not been studied.

Research Question: Does the nebulized route of TA administration reduce the amount of hemoptysis compared with the IV route in patients presenting to the ED with hemoptysis?

Study Design And Methods: This was a pragmatic, open-label, randomized, parallel, single-center, pilot trial of nebulized TA (500 mg tid) vs IV TA (500 mg tid) in adult patients presenting to the ED with active hemoptysis.

Hypereosinophilia with Multi-organ Dysfunction - A Diagnostic Conundrum.

Eosinophils are predominantly tissue-dwelling cells (spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, digestive tract) and counts <500/mm3 in the peripheral blood are considered to be normal. The functions of eosinophils are not completely understood, however there can be a significant rise in their levels in the peripheral blood and/or tissues in a variety of disease states. Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a group of disorders characterised by blood eosinophilia greater than 1500/mm3 on at least two occasions and eosinophilic infiltration and damage to multiple organs.