Antenatal Corticosteroids and Their Effects on Maternal Glycemic Status: A Prospective Observational Study From an Indian Tertiary Referral Center.

Background Antenatal corticosteroids prevent multiple fetal complications and improve overall neonatal survival but at the cost of adverse effects including maternal hyperglycemia. This study aimed to understand the effect of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal glycemic control. Methodology This prospective observational study included 93 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies between 32 and 37 weeks gestation admitted for potential preterm labor.

Impact of semaglutide on biochemical and radiologic measures of metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease across the spectrum of glycaemia: A meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: No meta-analysis has analysed efficacy and safety of semaglutide in metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty-liver disease (MAFLD).

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving people with MAFLD and/or type-2 diabetes (T2DM) receiving semaglutide. Primary outcome was to evaluate changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

Development of a Low-cost NGS Test for the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules.

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is the preferred method of identifying malignancy in palpable thyroid nodules using the Bethesda reporting system. However, in around 30-40% of FNACs (Bethesda categories III, IV, and V), the results are indeterminate and surgery is required to confirm malignancy. Out of those who undergo surgery, only 10-40% of patients in these categories are found to have malignancies, thus proving surgery to be unnecessary for some patients or to be incomplete in others.

Ayurvedic hospital wastewater degradation using electrochemical treatment.

The goal of this research was to remove COD, oil and grease (O&G) and color from raw ayurvedic hospital wastewater (AHWW) using a novel electrochemical coagulation (ECC) process. Cell voltage was initially optimized using iron electrodes in bipolar mode for both raw AHWW and ayurvedic hospital therapy room wastewater (AH-TRWW) for a pre-optimized electrolysis time (ET) of 60 min. O&G, COD and color removals for AHWW at 8 V optimized cell voltage were 96, 61 and 96% respectively.

Identifying the Burden and Predictors of Diabetes Distress among Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background: Diabetes is a psychologically challenging medical condition. Diabetes distress (DD) refers to the unique, often hidden emotional burdens and worries that the patient experiences when managing diabetes.

Objective: The objective of the study was to find the burden and identify the predictors of DD in adult Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Impact of Anemia and Red Cell Indices on the Diagnosis of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes in Indian Adult Population: Is there a Cut-off Guide for Clinicians?

Background: It is well known that anemia and red cell turn over affects the HbA1c value. Iron deficiency anemia increases the HbA1c and haemolytic anemia lowers it. However, the cut-off of haemoglobin (Hb) or red-cell indices when the HbA1c value becomes unreliable is not known.

Increased Soluble TNF Receptor-1 and Glutathione Peroxidase may Predict Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Females with Cushing Syndrome.

Objective: Cardiovascular events are the most common cause of mortality in Cushing syndrome (CS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of novel factors on atherosclerosis in endogenous CS.

Methods: A total of 22 female patients with CS and 33 normal female controls underwent evaluation of fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor [sTNFR]-1, and sTNFR2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx; measure of oxidative stress), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT; a measure of atherosclerosis), and percent change in flow-mediated vasodilation (%FMV) of the brachial artery, a measure of endothelial dysfunction.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of adrenal: clinical presentation and outcomes.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of adrenal is an extremely rare tumor of neural crest origin. A nonfunctional left adrenal mass (14.6 × 10.

Conservative management of severe bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis: Case series and review of literature.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a life-threatening condition most commonly observed in diabetes, with nephrectomy believed to be the treatment of choice. However, nephrectomy in EPN is associated with increased risk of complications secondary to associated hemodynamic instability and may result in lifelong hemodialysis in case of bilateral EPN. We present three patients of severe bilateral EPN and one patient of unilateral EPN with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) successfully managed conservatively.

Huge bilateral ovarian cysts in adulthood as the presenting feature of Van Wyk Grumbach syndrome due to chronic uncontrolled juvenile hypothyroidism.

Juvenile primary hypothyroidism causing cystic ovaries and pseudoprecocious puberty (Van-Wyk Grumbach syndrome (VWGS)) is well documented in literature. There are only a few reports of primary hypothyroidism presenting as ovarian cysts in adults. Here we present a case of huge bilateral ovarian cysts in adulthood as the presenting feature of VWGS due to chronic uncontrolled juvenile hypothyroidism.

Diabetes insipidus as a presenting manifestation of Rathke's cleft cyst.

Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) are cystic sellar and suprasellar lesions derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch, lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium. RCC are usually asymptomatic but can present with headache, visual impairment, panhypopituitarism and hypothalamic dysfunction. Diabetes Insipidus as a presenting symptom of RCC is reported, but rare.

Familial glucocorticoid deficiency presenting with generalized hyperpigmentation in adolescence. Report of three siblings.

Background: Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by glucocorticoid deficiency, high ACTH levels and normal mineralocorticoid levels. FGD is caused due to defects in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) signaling. The defect can be caused by mutations in genes encoding the ACTH receptor (melanocortin 2 receptor) or its accessory protein.

The "Double A" phenotype: Portending Allgrove's syndrome and averting adrenal crisis.

Introduction: Allgrove's syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder with only about 70 cases reported thus far and is characterized by alacrima, achalasia, and ACTH insensitivity among other clinical features. However, it has a widely variable clinical presentation, which may result in such cases remaining undiagnosed.

Objective: To report a patient with impending Allgrove's syndrome and to highlight the importance of clinical suspicion in diagnosing the same.

Adrenal myelolipoma with keratoconus: A novel clinical association.

Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign metaplastic collection of reticuloendothelial cells and adipose tissue, believed to be secondary to chronic stimulation of the adrenals. Keratoconus is the most common corneal ectasia of unknown pathogenesis. Altered expression of proteinases, proteinases inhibitors, and cytokines are believed to have a role.

Acromegaly presenting as hirsuitism: Uncommon sinister aetiology of a common clinical sign.

Hirsuitism though not uncommon (24%), is not considered to be a prominent feature of acromegaly because of its lack of specificity and occurrence. Hirsuitism is very common in women of reproductive age (5-7%) and has been classically associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Twenty-eight year lady with 3 year duration of hirsuitism (Modified Ferriman Gallwey score-24/36), features of insulin resistance (acanthosis), subtle features of acromegaloidism (woody nose and bulbous lips) was diagnosed to have acromegaly in view of elevated IGF-1 (1344 ng/ml; normal: 116-358 ng/ml), basal (45.

Ovotesticular disorder of sexual development due to 47,XYY/46,XY/45,X mixed gonadal dysgenesis in a phenotypic male presenting as cyclical haematuria: clinical presentation and assessment of long-term outcomes.

Ovotesticular disorder of sexual differentiation (OTDSD) is a rare cause of disorder of sexual differentiation predominantly having 46,XX karyotype, female phenotype and ambiguous genitalia. We report a 15-year-old having male body habitus, axillary and pubic hair, well-developed penis and right-descended testis with history of penoscrotal hypospadias correction, presenting with three episodes of cyclical haematuria, who biochemically had normal serum testosterone (338 ng dl(-1) ) which increased following hCG stimulation (614 ng dl(-1) ), elevated estradiol (17.35 pg ml(-1) ) along with elevated luteinising hormone (11.

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome following short-term intranasal steroid use.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is common after oral steroid use and has also been reported following topical or inhaled use, but it is extremely uncommon after intranasal administration. In this paper, we present the case of a child who developed CS after intranasal application of combined moxifloxacin-dexamethasone eye drops for epistaxis for a period of 3 months. CS caused by ocular preparations of steroids has not been reported previously.