Publications by authors named "Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy"

Background: Various methods are available to screen for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in asthma, but their comparative performance remains uncertain.

Objectives: To identify the optimal screening algorithm for ABPA in asthmatic patients and evaluate the crude cost of various diagnostic approaches.

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive adult asthmatic patients evaluated for ABPA.

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We describe a rare case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Veronaea botryosa in a renal transplant recipient from India. The patient presented with a nodule on the dorsum of right hand which resolved completely after 6 months of voriconazole therapy. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by sequencing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA.

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Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious suppurative and ulcerative corneal infection leading to blindness and vision loss. Rapid diagnosis of FK can contribute to prompt clinical management with early recovery. The study aimed to standardize the detection of (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) and establish the diagnostic cut-off concentration in tears of suspected FK patients along with non-infected controls.

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Malassezia is a commensal that sometimes becomes pathogenic under the influence of diverse factors. Several species of Malassezia are difficult to culture, making traditional methods of identification challenging. The problem with molecular typing of Malassezia in association with seborrheic dermatitis/dandruff (SD/D) arises due to the unavailability of these fastidious yeast cultures.

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  • The study examined the effects of sex on outcomes of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) by analyzing data from 731 subjects over 13 years.
  • Researchers compared various factors including clinical features and exacerbation rates between men and women, focusing on whether women had higher exacerbation rates.
  • While women had a slightly higher exacerbation rate (44.5% vs. 38.2%), the difference wasn't statistically significant, prompting the need for further prospective studies to confirm these results.
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  • The study investigates the prevalence and impact of candidaemia in 67 ICUs across India, assessing how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced its rates and mortality.* -
  • Data from 401,601 patient days revealed higher candidaemia rates in COVID-19 ICUs (2.52/1000 patient days) compared to non-COVID-19 ICUs (1.05/1000 patient days), with associated mortality significantly higher in COVID-19 cases (61% vs. 41%).* -
  • Analysis identified C. tropicalis as the most common isolated species (26.7%), while C. auris, which had a high mortality rate, accounted for 17.5% of isolates
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  • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) was analyzed in relation to asthma severity among 543 adult patients categorized as mild, moderate, or severe according to GINA guidelines.
  • The study found that ABPA prevalence was 11.1% in mild asthma, 21% in moderate asthma, and 20.7% in severe asthma, indicating that severity does not significantly influence ABPA occurrence (P = .12).
  • The research emphasizes the need for screening all asthma patients for ABPA, regardless of their asthma severity, and suggests further studies to confirm these results.
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  • Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a skin condition caused by the Malassezia fungus, with traditional diagnostic methods like KOH mounts and culture having limitations in sensitivity and speed.
  • * A cross-sectional study aimed to utilize multiplex-PCR for quicker and more accurate identification of Malassezia species from skin scrapings of suspected PV cases, observed over 12 months.
  • * The results showed that multiplex-PCR effectively identified Malassezia species in all samples, proving to be faster and more reliable than conventional methods, with high sensitivity for the fungal species present.
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Purpose: The identification of anaerobes, Mycobacterium and Nocardia species, and moulds by MALDI-TOF-MS remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of MALDI-TOF in the identification of these organisms.

Methods: A total of 382 strains, comprising 128 (33.

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Background And Objective: There is a need for simple functional test to assess treatment response in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in resource-constrained settings. The one-minute-sit-to-stand test (1-min-STS) is one such test. However, the minimal important difference (MID) for 1-min-STS in subjects with CPA remains unknown.

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Background: The role of 2-deoxy-2-18(F) fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) in assessing treatment response in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) remains to be determined.

Objective: To compare changes in FDG-PET/CT parameters in CPA subjects with treatment success or failure.

Methods: We treated consecutive treatment-naïve CPA subjects with six months of oral itraconazole.

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Background: Sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus (AS) has been recently described in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, there is no data on the community prevalence of AS in COPD.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of AS among COPD subjects.

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Background: Over the past decades, the increasing incidence of recurrent dermatophytosis associated with terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton has posed a serious challenge in management of dermatophytosis. Independent reports of failure of treatment and high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antifungals are available, but data correlating MIC and clinical outcomes is still sparse. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of systemic treatment of dermatophytosis and its correlation with MIC of the etiological agents isolated from such patients.

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Multidrug-resistant yeast is a serious threat to public health with documented survival in various hospital niches. The dynamics of this survival benefit and its trade off with drug resistance are still unknown for this pathogen. In this study we investigate the oxidative stress response (OSR) in fluconazole-resistant and compare its relative fitness with fluconazole-susceptible strains.

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During surge of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM), we identified five cases of CAM where two different species of Mucorales were isolated. All had history of diabetes mellitus and presented with clinical features suggesting rhino-orbital mucormycosis. The patients grew different species from their nasal scraping/biopsy samples, Rhizopus arrhizus, R.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Tinea capitis, a scalp infection caused by fungi like Microsporum canis, was diagnosed in three family members in Delhi, India, with transmission occurring from pets and between humans.
  • - Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical exams, microscopy, and molecular techniques, showing sensitivity to antifungals like itraconazole and terbinafine, but resistance to griseofulvin.
  • - Successful treatment involved oral terbinafine with topical ketoconazole, highlighting the need for thorough contact history and proper antifungal therapy in managing infections in non-endemic areas.
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Acrophialophora is implicated in superficial and invasive infections, especially in immunosuppressed individuals. The present study was undertaken to provide clinical, microbiological, phylogenetic, and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) profile of Acrophialophora isolated from India. All the isolates identified as Acrophialophora species at the National Culture Collection for Pathogenic Fungi, Chandigarh, India were revived.

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An eleven year old male reported a ten-day history of unilateral pain, redness, and sudden loss of vision. Ophthalmic examination revealed panophthalmitis that did not respond to conventional intravenous antibiotics, and systemic deterioration raised suspicion of a fungal aetiology. However, the worsening of the ocular condition from panophthalmitis to orbital cellulitis upon commencement of amphotericin B suggests the presence of a fastidious microorganism.

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Candida tropicalis is a human pathogen and one of the most prevalent non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species causing invasive infections. Azole antifungal resistance in C. tropicalis is also gradually increasing with the increasing incidence of infections.

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Background: Post-tuberculosis lung abnormality (PTLA) is the most common risk factor for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and 14%-25% of the subjects with PTLA develop CPA. The pathogenesis and the host immune response in subjects with PTLA who develop CPA need to be better understood.

Methods: We prospectively compared the innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by patients of PTLA with or without CPA (controls).

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  • A study analyzed mixed mould infections in patients with COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM) to determine the prevalence of co-existing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and its impact on early mortality.
  • Among 105 patients with CAPM, 20% had mixed mould infections, and those with CAPA experienced significantly higher early mortality rates (42.9%) compared to those without (17.9%).
  • The findings suggest that co-existing CAPA worsens the prognosis for CAPM patients, highlighting the need for further research on mixed mould infections globally.
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