Quality, Usability, and Trust Challenges to Effective Data Use in the Deployment and Use of the Bangladesh Nutrition Information System Dashboard: Qualitative Study.

Background: Evidence-based decision-making is essential to improve public health benefits and resources, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but the mechanisms of its implementation remain less straightforward. The availability of high-quality, reliable, and sufficient data in LMICs can be challenging due to issues such as a lack of human resource capacity and weak digital infrastructure, among others. Health information systems (HISs) have been critical for aggregating and integrating health-related data from different sources to support evidence-based decision-making.

Trends in Gender Authorship of Abstract Presentations at Plastic Surgery the Meeting: A Decade Long Analysis.

Current literature fails to examine gender differences of authors presenting abstracts at national plastic surgery meetings. This study aims to assess the ratio of female to male abstract presentations at Plastic Surgery The Meeting (PSTM).The gender of all abstract presenters from PSTM between 2010 and 2020 was recorded.

Revolutionizing Leishmaniasis Treatment with Cutting Edge Drug Delivery Systems and Nanovaccines: An Updated Review.

Leishmaniasis, one of the most overlooked tropical diseases, is a life-threatening illness caused by the parasite that is prevalent in underdeveloped nations. Over 350 million individuals in more than 90 different nations worldwide are at risk of contracting the disease, which has a current fatality rate of 50 000 mortalities each year. The administration of liposomal Amp B, pentavalent antimonials, and miltefosine are still considered integral components of the chemotherapy regimen.

How Can Community Data Be Leveraged to Advance Primary Health Care? A Scoping Review of Community-Based Health Information Systems.

Background: Community-based health information systems (CBISs) can provide critical insights into how community health systems function, and digitized CBISs may improve the quality of community-level data and facilitate integration and use of CBISs within the broader health system. This scoping review aims to understand how CBISs have been implemented, integrated, and used to support community health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Both peer-reviewed and gray literature were included; relevant articles were identified using key terms and controlled vocabulary related to community/primary health care, health information systems, digital health, and LMICs.

A comprehensive analysis towards exploring the promises of AI-related approaches in autism research.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that presents challenges in communication, social interaction, repetitive behaviour, and limited interests. Detecting ASD at an early stage is crucial for timely interventions and an improved quality of life. In recent times, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used in ASD research.

"Sawbones": A pilot study assessing simulation-based orthopedic training for medical students.

Intro: Simulation-based training has become a valuable new tool in medical education across the country. The Orthopedic Surgery Interest Group (OSIG) at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine organized a benchtop training workshop known as "Sawbones" to give medical students essential exposure to basic techniques and instruments commonly used in orthopedic surgery. This pilot study seeks to investigate the participating students' perceptions of this workshop as part of a potential longitudinal intervention.

Revisiting the Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Uncovering Influences of Plant Extracts as Reducing Agents for Enhanced Synthesis Efficiency and Its Biomedical Applications.

Background: Conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods involve harsh conditions, high costs, and environmental pollution. In this context, researchers are actively searching for sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical synthesis methods. This has led to the development of green synthesis procedures among which the exploration of the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles experienced a great development.

Perceptions of Racial and Gender Microaggressions in an Academic Orthopaedic Department.

Unlabelled: Orthopaedic surgery consistently ranks last among all medical specialties in diversity and inclusion. While active efforts have recently been implemented to enact change, no study to date has explored the potential effects that social microaggressions have on an individual's career in orthopaedic surgery. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the perceived experiences of gender and race-based microaggressions on orthopaedic surgery residents, fellows, and attendings in their decision to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery.

Impact of a recognition package as an incentive to strengthen the motivation, performance, and retention of village health teams in Uganda: a study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Uganda's community health worker (CHW), or village health team (VHT), program faces significant challenges with poor retention and insufficient financial and program investment. Adequate compensation comprising financial and non-financial components is critical to retaining any workforce, including CHWs. This study evaluates the impact of a recognition-based non-financial incentives package on the motivation, performance, and retention of VHTs, as well as on the utilization of health services by the community.

Enhanced external counter pulsation therapy in patients with symptomatic and severe intracranial steno-occlusive disease: a randomized clinical trial protocol.

Unlabelled: Intracranial stenosis is prevalent among Asians and constitutes a common cause of cerebral ischemia. While the best medical therapy carries stroke recurrence rates in excess of 10% per year, trials with intracranial stenting have been associated with unacceptable peri-procedural ischemic events. Cerebral ischemic events are strongly related to the severity of intracranial stenosis, which is high in patients with severe intracranial stenosis with poor vasodilatory reserve.

Trends in overall mortality among US veterans with primary myelofibrosis.

Background: Primary myelofibrosis [PMF] is a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Management strategies for PMF have evolved over the last two decades, including approval of ruxolitinib as the first Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/JAK2 inhibitor for patients with intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis. This study assessed changes in mortality before and after ruxolitinib approval, independent of ruxolitinib treatment.

Supplemental musculoskeletal anatomy education in a shortened medical school curriculum.

To address anatomy knowledge gaps exacerbated by the education constraints of a new shortened medical school curriculum and the COVID-19 pandemic, the Orthopedic Surgery Interest Group (OSIG) created a novel hybrid anatomy curriculum for students interested in orthopedic surgery. The main objectives were to determine (1) Does this elective supplement to the curriculum improve students' perceived confidence with regard to orthopedic anatomy? (2) What are the students' preferred formats for receiving this elective supplement to the curriculum? To determine this, we used a prospective study design to determine the impact of the OSIG's student-led hybrid anatomy sessions. A survey with a five-point Likert scale (1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4) Agree; (5) Strongly agree; was used to quantify responses.

Trends in Female Representation at Plastic Surgery Meetings: A Move Toward Gender Equity at the Podium.

Anecdotally, female plastic surgeons are disproportionately underrepresented as speakers, moderators, and panelists at national and regional plastic surgery meetings. No studies have attempted to quantify female representation at Plastic Surgery The Meeting (PSTM). The objective of our study is to examine trends in female participation at PSTM.

Raman spectroscopy for the determination of forensically important bio-fluids.

Body fluid (blood, sperm, saliva, and vaginal secretions) trace evidence acquired from crime scenes is increasingly being used by scientists for phenotypic profiling and DNA analysis to identify the source of the body fluid. Chemical tests, which are costly, time-consuming, and require pre-sample preparation, were used heavily by scientists in the past. Furthermore, each test is limited to a single sample.

The Effects of Face Masks on the Doctor-Patient Relationship in Orthopaedics.

Background: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread use of face masks has grown exponentially. There is limited data highlighting the patient perception of face mask use during this pandemic, specifically in orthopaedic clinics. The purpose of this study was to determine the patient's perception of the implementation of face masks in the orthopaedic clinic during a period of mask mandates and if this change impacted the success of their interactions with physicians.

Health-focused conversational agents in person-centered care: a review of apps.

Health-focused apps with chatbots ("healthbots") have a critical role in addressing gaps in quality healthcare. There is limited evidence on how such healthbots are developed and applied in practice. Our review of healthbots aims to classify types of healthbots, contexts of use, and their natural language processing capabilities.

Demographics of Surgical Specialty Residency Program Directors in the United States: A Cross-sectional Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate program director (PD) demographics, training background, and academic productivity in 11 surgical specialties.

Summary Background Data: There is currently no comprehensive study comparing educational background, research output, and gender differences between PDs of surgical residencies in the United States.

Methods: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) websites were used to identify residency PDs.

Should adult ventilated patients on the intensive care unit be fasted preoperatively?

In the absence of separate guidelines for critically unwell ventilated patients in the intensive care unit who are undergoing surgery, questions arise about whether patients in intensive care should be starved preoperatively, despite already having a protected airway.

Real-World Outcomes Among US Veterans Health Administration Patients Newly Diagnosed with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Treated with First-Line Monotherapy.

Introduction: Substantial unmet needs exist among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This retrospective study evaluated treatment patterns as well as clinical and economic outcomes associated with first-line monotherapy among patients with mRCC in the USA.

Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with mRCC initiating at least one first-line therapy (1L) from 1 October 2013 to 31 March 2018 (index date = 1L start date) were identified from the US Veterans Health Administration database.

Understanding community health worker incentive preferences in Uganda using a discrete choice experiment.

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in supporting health systems, and in improving the availability and accessibility to health care. However, CHW programs globally continue to face challenges with poor performance and high levels of CHW attrition. CHW programs are often underfunded and poorly planned, which can lead to loss of motivation by CHWs.

Real-world outcomes among US Merkel cell carcinoma patients initiating immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy.

Retrospectively assessed treatment patterns and clinical and economic outcomes in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) patients receiving recommended first-line regimens. MCC patients newly treated with either immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or chemotherapies (CTs) were selected from the Veterans Health Administration database (2013-2018); 74 patients (ICIs: 20 and CTs: 54) were selected. Median duration of therapy was 300 days for ICIs and 91 days for CTs.