The Impact of Inflammatory Cytokines on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Preliminary Investigation.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defined as two or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation, affects 1-2% of couples worldwide. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 play critical roles in early pregnancy, while anti-inflammatory cytokines like TGF-β and IL-10 promote immune tolerance to prevent harmful inflammatory responses that play important role in placental and fetal development. This aim of the study is to analyse the levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood serum from RPL patients and healthy women (control).

Observational Study with a New Portable Cryosurgery Device, HYDROZID, in Superficial Epidermal Lesions: An Indian Experience.

Background: Cryosurgery remains an important treatment modality in dermatology practice. HYDROZID, a new portable cryosurgery medical device using norflurane as a cryogen, was recently introduced in the Indian market. This paper reports the findings of the phase IV study conducted in India.

Spontaneous postoperative bleeding after periodontal procedure: An alarming sign of bleeding disorder.

The prevalence of inherited bleeding disorders (BDs) is low in the general population (10-20 per 100,000 individuals), particularly hemophilia B cases, which may remain undiagnosed for a very long time until exposed to some surgical procedure. The dental professional must be aware of the possibility that patients with no previous history of abnormal bleeding may manifest their first bleeding episode in the dental office. Particularly as periodontists, we often encounter patients with bleeding gums and severe bleeding complications may precipitate while performing routine periodontal procedures.

Cadmium toxicity on endoplasmic reticulum functioning.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal pollutant widely distributed in the environment due to industrial activities, mining, and agricultural practices. Cadmium-induced Toxicity exerts profound effects on ER functioning through multiple mechanisms, leading to cellular dysfunction and pathological consequences. Cadmium disrupts protein folding and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR).

Moving forward: scaling-up the integration of an HIV and hypertension program in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

As people living with HIV experience increased life expectancy, there is a growing concern about the burden of comorbid non-communicable diseases, particularly hypertension. This brief describes the current policy landscape on the management of HIV and hypertension in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, stakeholder engagement meetings, and the resulting five policy recommendations rooted in an ongoing research study designed to integrate hypertension management into HIV care across primary health centers in the State. In order to identify the current gaps in integrated care, discussion sessions with three stakeholder groups (i.

Evolution of Bioelectric Membrane Potentials: Implications in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies.

Electrophysiology typically deals with the electrical properties of excitable cells like neurons and muscles. However, all other cells (non-excitable) also possess bioelectric membrane potentials for intracellular and extracellular communications. These membrane potentials are generated by different ions present in fluids available in and outside the cell, playing a vital role in communication and coordination between the cell and its organelles.

DNA N-glycosylases Ogg1 and EndoIII as components of base excision repair in Plasmodium falciparum organelles.

The integrity of genomes of the two crucial organelles of the malaria parasite - an apicoplast and mitochondrion in each cell - must be maintained by DNA repair mediated by proteins targeted to these compartments. We explored the localisation and function of Plasmodium falciparum base excision repair (BER) DNA N-glycosylase homologs PfEndoIII and PfOgg1. These N-glycosylases would putatively recognise DNA lesions prior to the action of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP)-endonucleases.

Moving forward: Scaling-up the integration of an HIV and hypertension program in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Background: As people living with HIV experience increased life expectancy, there is a growing concern about the burden of comorbid non-communicable diseases, particularly hypertension. This policy brief describes the current policy landscape in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, the research activities, and five policy recommendations rooted in an ongoing research study designed to integrate hypertension management into HIV care across primary health centers in the state.

Analysis: The policy brief was developed in four steps: review of existing policies, using the reviewed policies to inform research activities, solicitation of stakeholder recommendations via focus group discussions, and formulation of the resulting five policy recommendations for integrating hypertension management into HIV care programs in Akwa Ibom.

Assets for integrating task-sharing strategies for hypertension within HIV clinics: Stakeholder's perspectives using the PEN-3 cultural model.

Background: Access to antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and survival among people living with HIV (PLWH) in African countries like Nigeria. Unfortunately, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases are on the rise as important drivers of morbidity and mortality rates among this group. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders in Nigeria on the integration of evidence-based task-sharing strategies for hypertension care (TASSH) within existing HIV clinics in Nigeria.

Delineation of molecular characteristics of congenital myasthenic syndromes in Indian families and review of literature.

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are rare, heterogeneous, and often treatable genetic disorders depending on the underlying molecular defect. We performed a detailed clinical evaluation of seven patients from five unrelated families. Exome sequencing was performed on five index patients.

Correction: SARS-CoV-2 Mutations Responsible for Immune Evasion Leading to Breakthrough Infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29544.

Building Capacity of Community Nurses to Strengthen the Management of Uncomplicated Hypertension in Persons Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Objectives: Poor training of non-physician healthcare workers (especially community nurses) could hinder the successful integration of cardiovascular disease (CVD) management into HIV chronic care in primary healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries. To address this limitation, we included a holistic training programme with a robust module for both practice facilitators and community nurses as part of the formative stages of the managing hypertension among people living with HIV: an integrated model (MAP-IT), which is a study that is evaluating the effectiveness of practice facilitation on the integration of a task-strengthening strategy for hypertension control (TASSH) into primary healthcare centres in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria.

Methods: Between June and November 2021, 3 didactic training workshops were conducted using a training module which is based on the simplified Nigerian Hypertension Protocol for primary care and the World Health Organization (WHO) heart package.

Training primary healthcare workers on a task-strengthening strategy for integrating hypertension management into HIV care in Nigeria: implementation strategies, knowledge uptake, and lessons learned.

Background: With improved access to anti-retroviral drugs, persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are living longer but with attendant increased risks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The increasing burden of NCDs, especially hypertension, could reverse gains attributed to HIV care. Nurses and Community Health Officers (CHO) in Nigeria are cardinal in delivering primary health care.

Organizational readiness to implement task-strengthening strategy for hypertension management among people living with HIV in Nigeria.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLHIV), but there is limited access to standardized HTN management strategies in public primary healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The shortage of trained healthcare providers in Nigeria is an important contributor to the increased unmet need for HTN management among PLHIV. Evidence-based TAsk-Strengthening Strategies for HTN control (TASSH) have shown promise to address this gap in other resource-constrained settings.

Nanoconstructs for theranostic application in cancer: Challenges and strategies to enhance the delivery.

Nanoconstructs are made up of nanoparticles and ligands, which can deliver the loaded cargo at the desired site of action. Various nanoparticulate platforms have been utilized for the preparation of nanoconstructs, which may serve both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Nanoconstructs are mostly used to overcome the limitations of cancer therapies, such as toxicity, nonspecific distribution of the drug, and uncontrolled release rate.

Sustaining capacity building and evidence-based NCD intervention implementation: Perspectives from the GRIT consortium.

Background: Implementation science has been primarily focused on adoption of evidence-based interventions, and less so on sustainability, creating a gap in the field. The Global Research on Implementation and Translation Science (GRIT) Consortium is funded by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHBLI) to support the planning, implementation, and sustainability of Late-Stage Phase 4 Translational Research (T4TR) and capacity building for NCD prevention and control in eight low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper highlights perspectives, including barriers, facilitators, opportunities, and motivators for sustaining capacity building and evidence-based hypertension interventions within LMICs.

SARS-CoV-2 Mutations Responsible for Immune Evasion Leading to Breakthrough Infection.

Background And Objectives: India had faced a devastating second outbreak of COVID-19 infection, in which a majority of the viral sequences were found to be of the B.1.617.

TiO-modified g-CN nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in aqueous solution.

In the current study, a direct S-scheme titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride (TiO/g-CN) heterojunction structure was fabricated via simultaneous calcination of TiO precursors and g-CN. leaf extract was utilized as a reductant for TiO production through a green synthetic method, and g-CN was prepared by thermal decomposition of melamine. The pristine and nanocomposite photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, TGA, HRTEM, UV-vis DRS, and PL to elucidate their physicochemical properties.

aqueous extract prevents histopathological alterations in liver induced by environmental toxicant Microcystin.

Environmental toxicants like microcystins are known to adversely impact liver physiology and lead to the increased risk for abnormal liver function and even liver carcinoma. Chaga mushroom () is reported for various properties mainly antibacterial, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This study was aimed to assess the effect microcystin (MC-LR) on histopathology of liver in mice and a preventive measure by using aqueous extract of (IOAE).

Effects of Exergaming on College Students' Situational Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Motion Sickness.

Objective: Given the low levels of physical activity (PA) among U.S. college students, the use of exergaming as a supplement to traditional exercise may promote higher levels of motivation and PA.

NAD(P)HX dehydratase (NAXD) deficiency due to a novel biallelic missense variant and review of literature.

Encephalopathy, progressive, early-onset, with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy, 2 (PEBEL2; MIM# 618321), caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the NAD(P)HX dehydratase (NAXD) is a rare metabolite repair disorder. It is characterized by progressive neurological deterioration usually associated with a febrile illness. The other common findings include skin lesions, elevated serum or cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels, and brain neuroimaging abnormalities.

Recent developments in nanotechnology-based printing electrode systems for electrochemical sensors.

In this review, the state-of-the-art of screen, inkjet, and three-dimensional (3D) printing electrode technologies of diverse types, manufacturing processes, and applications are critically reviewed for the first time. Emerging printing electrode-based technologies for advanced fabrication of printed electrode materials have given rise to the development of printed electrode devices and systems, thereby opening new avenues for several electrochemical applications. Additionally, their properties can be fine-tuned for specific electrochemical applications by embedding and/or immobilizing nano-structured materials.

Expanding the phenotype of PURA-related neurodevelopmental disorder: a close differential diagnosis of infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies.

Purine-rich element-binding protein A (PURA) encodes Pur-alpha, a transcriptional activator protein is crucial for normal brain development. Pathogenic variants in PURA are known to cause mental retardation, autosomal dominant 31, characterized by psychomotor delay, absent or poor speech, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, seizures or 'seizure-like' movements, and dysmorphism. PURA-related neurodevelopmental disorder (PURA-related NDD) result either from heterozygous pathogenic sequence variants in PURA or microdeletions spanning PURA.