Carbimazole-associated Pancreatitis: Report From Western India.

Pancreatitis is a very rare complication of methimazole and carbimazole therapy. We describe a case of possible carbimazole-associated pancreatitis. A 41-year-old Asian man (with no comorbidities) reported to the hospital with atrial fibrillation and a fast ventricular rate.

A prospective study to assess the role of paraoxonase 1 genotype and phenotype on the lipid-lowering and antioxidant activity of statins.

Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme protects against atherosclerosis by preventing low-density lipoprotein from oxidative modification. Upregulation of PON1 enzymatic activity is suggested to contribute to atheroprotective potential of statins. Glutamine (Q) to arginine (R) at site 192 and leucine (L) to methionine (M) substitution at site 55 polymorphisms influence the PON1 activity.

Effect of Airborne Low Intensity Multi frequency ultrasound (ALIMFUS) on glycemic control, lipid profile and markers of inflammation in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A multicentre proof of concept, randomized double blind Placebo controlled study.

Background And Aims: Airborne Low Intensity Multi frequency Ultrasound (ALIMFUS) uses thermal and non thermal principal of ultrasound to facilitate transportation of drugs into the cells and it's metabolism. This is randomized, multi-center, Double Blind, Interventional, Placebo Controlled Study to evaluate efficacy and safety of ALIMFUS as an Add-on therapy to Oral Hypoglycemic Agent (OHA) in Type 2 DM.

Methods: Total 103/186 subjects completed the study and received 10 min either ALIMFUS therapy on alternate day for 90 days or placebo.

Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: A prospective study from Western India.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension commonly coexist; however, underlying primary aldosteronism (PA) can lead to worsening of hypertension, glycemia and cardiovascular risk. We aim to screen patients with T2DM and hypertension for PA by conducting a prospective monocentric study from Western India, which included adults with T2DM and hypertension from the outpatient diabetes clinic.

Design: Prospective study.

Genetic spectrum and predictors of mutations in four known genes in Asian Indian patients with growth hormone deficiency and orthotopic posterior pituitary: an emphasis on regional genetic diversity.

Context: Regional variation in prevalence of genetic mutations in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is known.

Aim: Study phenotype and prevalence of mutations in GH1, GHRHR, POU1F1, PROP1 genes in GHD cohort.

Methods: One hundred and two patients {Isolated GHD (IGHD): 79; combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD): 23} with orthotopic posterior pituitary were included.

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy using vestibular approach: A single center experience.

Background: Thyroid Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) or transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy using vestibular approach is a recent advance embraced by the surgical community because of its potential for a scar-free thyroidectomy. In this article, we present our initial experience with this technique.

Materials And Methods: We used a three-port technique through the oral vestibule, one 10 mm port for the laparoscope and two additional 5 mm ports for the endoscopic instruments required.

A 52-week extension study of switching from gemigliptin vs sitagliptin to gemigliptin only as add-on therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin alone.

We investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of gemigliptin and the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin treatment after once-daily treatment with sitagliptin 100 mg, in patients with type 2 diabetes. This was a 28-week extension of a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel study of gemigliptin or sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy. After randomization to sitagliptin 100 mg qd (S), gemigliptin 25 mg bid (G1) or gemigliptin 50 mg qd (G2) and after completing 24 weeks of treatment, 118 patients switched from gemigliptin 25 mg bid to 50 mg qd (G1/G2), 111 patients continued gemigliptin 50 mg qd (G2/G2) and 106 patients switched from sitagliptin 100 mg qd to gemigliptin 50 mg qd (S/G2).

Oral glucose lowering with linagliptin and metformin compared with linagliptin alone as initial treatment in Asian patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and marked hyperglycemia: Subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Aims/introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an epidemic in Asia, yet clinical trials of glucose-lowering therapies often enroll predominantly Western populations. We explored the initial combination of metformin and linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Asia with marked hyperglycemia.

Materials And Methods: This was a post-hoc subgroup analysis of a multinational, parallel-group clinical trial in which 316 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 8.

Genotype-phenotype correlation in paediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a single centre experience from India.

Background: Data on genotype-phenotype correlation in children is limited. Hence, we studied the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in children with pheochromocytoma (PCC)/paraganglioma (PGL) and compared it with adult PCC/PGL cohort.

Methods: A total of 121 consecutive, unrelated, index PCC/PGL patients underwent genetic testing for five PCC/PGL susceptibility genes (RET, VHL, SDHB, SDHD and SDHC) and were evaluated for clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type1 (NF1).

Hashimoto's thyroiditis: relative recurrence risk ratio and implications for screening of first-degree relatives.

Context: The relative recurrence risk ratio (λ ) for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has not been widely studied. The age at which thyroid function evaluation should be initiated for relatives of HT patients remains unclear.

Objective: To study λ and age-related prevalence of HT in first-degree relatives of HT patients.

Predictors of malignancy in patients with pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas: Asian Indian experience.

Background And Aims: Malignant transformation of pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PCC/PGL) is a rare occurrence, and predictive factors for the same are not well understood. This study aims to identify the predictors of malignancy in patients with PCC/PGL.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 142 patients with either PCC or PGL registered at our institute between 2000 and 2015.

Germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Background: Genetic aetiology of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) is increasingly being studied; however, Asian Indian data on this aspect are scarce.

Objective: To study the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian PCC/PGL patients.

Design: In this study, 150 index patients (M:F, 73:77) with PCC/PGL were evaluated.

Spectrum of phenotype and genotype of congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in Asian Indians.

Background: Congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is caused due to defect in GnRH neuronal development, migration and action. Although genetic aetiology of IHH is increasingly being studied, Asian Indian data on phenotypic spectrum and genetic basis are scarce.

Objective: To investigate the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of IHH in Asian Indian subjects.

Is it worthwhile to screen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for subclinical Cushing's syndrome?

Variable prevalence of subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), making the need for screening in this population uncertain. It is unknown if this variability is solely due to study-related methodological differences or a reflection of true differences in ethnic predisposition. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence of SCS in Asian Indian patients with T2DM.

Bone mineral density and factors influencing it in Asian Indian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To assess bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and its relation, if any, to clinical, hormonal and metabolic factors.

Materials And Methods: A prospective evaluation of 194 T2DM patients (97 men and 97 women) was carried out. BMD was done with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and total hip.

The performance and reproducibility of late-night salivary cortisol estimation by enzyme immunoassay for screening Cushing disease.

Objective: Our study aimed to establish a local reference range for late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and to study the intra-individual reproducibility of LNSC.

Methods: Prospective study involving 30 healthy subjects (HS) with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2, 37 obese/overweight subjects (OS) with BMI >25 kg/m2 and 28 patients with Cushing disease (CD). Salivary sampling was performed on 2 consecutive nights and assayed by EIA.

A novel gross indel in the growth hormone releasing hormone receptor gene of Indian IGHD patients.

Context: Cohort specific mutations in the growth hormone (GH1) and growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) genes have been reported worldwide in isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) patients. However, limited data is available on ethnically diverse Indian IGHD patients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to find GH1 and GHRHR gene mutations in Indian IGHD patients from two unrelated non-consanguineous families.

Current concepts in blood glucose monitoring.

Blood glucose monitoring has evolved over the last century. The concept of adequate glycemic control and minimum glycemic variability requires an ideal, accurate and reliable glucose monitoring system. The search for an ideal blood glucose monitoring system still continues.

An objective olfactory evaluation and its correlation with magnetic resonance imaging findings in Asian Indian patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Objective: Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) can be associated with subnormal sense of smell. The objective of our study was to determine if there is a correlation between the olfactory phenotype (clinical smell test) of IHH patients and structural abnormalities in the olfactory apparatus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This was a single-center prospective case control study.

Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone.

Aims: This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin versus sitagliptin added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled trial in 425 Asian patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes being treated with metformin alone. Eligible patients were randomized into three groups: 50 mg gemigliptin qd, 25 mg gemigliptin bid or sitagliptin 100 mg qd added to ongoing metformin treatment for 24 weeks.