Comparison of efficacy of metformin and oral contraceptive combination of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: The 2013 Endocrine Society guidelines state that hormonal contraceptives should be used for treating both menstrual irregularity and hirsutism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin should be reserved for the treatment of women presenting with only menstrual irregularity because it has limited benefits in treating hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS. A high prevalence of insulin resistance is noted among the South Asians, and these guidelines may not hold good for this population.

Emerging Trends in Retrograde Signaling.

Retrograde signaling is defined as the signaling events leading from the plastids to the nucleus in plants and across the chemical synapse, from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron in animals. The discovery of various retrograde messengers has opened many avenues and clouds of thoughts as to the role of retrograde signaling. They have been implicated particularly in long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic plasticity.

Anti hypertensive prescribing patterns and cost analysis for primary hypertension: a retrospective study.

Objective: The present study was conducted to analyze the current prescription pattern and cost analysis of antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospital, Bangalore for three months and utilized 300 prescriptions for the analysis. The data analysed from the prescription included patients demographics, stage of hypertension according to JNC VII guidelines, type of drug therapy, class of anti-hypertensive, and cost effectiveness of therapy.

Evaluation of efficacy of combination of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine with leflunomide in active rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Several new drugs for rheumatoid arthritis are available including leflunomide. Comparative studies of treatment with leflunomide (against methotrexate) report a better quality of life.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of combination of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine with leflunomide, a new disease modifying antirheumatoid drug.