Peak systolic velocity and color aliasing are important in the development of duplex ultrasound criteria for external carotid artery stenosis.

Objective: The external carotid artery (ECA) serves as a major collateral pathway for ophthalmic and cerebral artery blood supply. It is routinely examined as part of carotid duplex ultrasound, but criteria for determining ECA stenosis are poorly characterized and typically extrapolated from internal carotid artery data. This is despite the fact that the ECA is smaller in diameter, with a higher resistance and lower volume flow pattern.

Circadian disruption of food availability significantly reduces reproductive success in mice.

Circadian disruptions impair reproductive health in human populations and in animal models. We tested the hypothesis that mistimed food, a common disruptive feature of shift work, impairs reproductive success in mice. Male and female mPer2 mice on a C57BL/6 background were fed during the light or dark phase in two experiments.