Time to break and evaporation (TBE): A quality attribute of pharmaceutical topical foams.

The quality attributes of topical foams are critical in determining the rate and extent of drug absorption across the skin and mucous membranes. A generic product is required to match the reference-listed drug (RLD), with respect to its composition and characteristics. Time to break (TB) is one of the critical quality attributes to consider during the evaluation of some of the generic products, as per the product-specific guidance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy and Challenges of the Two-Week Wait Referral Pathway for Skin Cancers in Primary Care.

Skin cancers are among the most common cancers in the Western world, with incidence rates increasing significantly over time. Skin cancer survival rates are highly dependent upon early identification. In the United Kingdom (UK), initial assessment of skin lesions is carried out via general practitioners (GPs) who identify and refer suspected cases under the two-week pathway in compliance with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines.

Nanocarriers for Delivery of Anticancer Drugs: Current Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Cancer, the most common condition worldwide, ranks second in terms of the number of human deaths, surpassing cardiovascular diseases. Uncontrolled cell multiplication and resistance to cell death are the traditional features of cancer. The myriad of treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy to treat this disease.

Development, and evaluation of film forming solutions for transdermal drug delivery of Zaltoprofen.

Zaltoprofen (ZAL) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with a short half-life (∼2.8 h) due to extensive first pass metabolism. In this context, 16 different polymeric film forming solutions (PFFS) of ZAL were developed using different grades of Eudragits, Polyvinylpyrrolidones, Kollicoat MAE 100 P and Hydroxypropyl cellulose as film formers, and polyethylene glycol 400 as a plasticizer in equal parts of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol used as solvents.

Development of and evaluation of mucoadhesive in-situ gel for intranasal delivery of vinpocetine.

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is marked by gradual neuronal decline and subsequent loss of cognitive functions and memory, poses significant treatment challenges. The present study involved the development, , and evaluation of a novel intranasal mucoadhesive in-situ gel of vinpocetine (VIN) with the aim to target the brain. An innovative gel formulation composed of poloxamer 407, HPMC E15 LV, and citric acid as a solubilizer was developed by 2 Factorial Design.

Pre-exposure prophylactic mucoadhesive sodium alginate microsphere laden pessaries for intravaginal delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

The research aimed to develop novel bioadhesive sodium alginate (Na-Alg) microspheres laden pessaries for intravaginal delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), to overcome limitations of conventional dosage forms. Twelve batches of microspheres formulated by emulsification gelation method indicated that drug-polymer ratios and polymer type affected particle size, drug release, and entrapment efficiency (%EE). Microspheres of batch EH-8 with drug: polymer ratio of 1:4 containing equal amounts of Na-Alg and HPMC K100M displayed optimal %EE (62.

Development and optimization of in-situ gel containing chitosan nanoparticles for possible nose-to-brain delivery of vinpocetine.

Vinpocetine (VIN), a derivative of vincamine found in the vinca plant, widens blood vessels in the brain and has been shown to improve cognitive function, memory, and cerebrovascular disorders. Nevertheless, the clinical utility of VIN is constrained by factors such as low oral bioavailability owing to the first-pass metabolism that often demands frequent dosing of 3-4 tablets/day. In this regard, the present work aimed to develop VIN-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (VIN-CH-NPs) to surmount these limitations and in view to enhance delivery to the brain of VIN by minimizing systemic exposure.

Influence of iontophoresis on delivery of NSAID-loaded deformable liposomal dispersions: and evaluation.

Negatively charged deformable liposomes (DL) of ketoprofen were formulated to enhance transdermal delivery of ketoprofen (KP) under the influence of iontophoresis for intraarticular delivery. Conventional and deformable KP liposomes were prepared using thin film hydration, characterized and intraarticular delivery of KP was evaluated using Sprague-Dawley rats. Vesicles displayed entrapment efficiency (>71%); zeta potential <-25 mV; size between 152.

Koch's Tuberculosis of the Sternoclavicular Joint.

Introduction: Tuberculosis bacilli have lived in symbiosis with mankind since time memorial. Rigveda and Atharvaveda (3500-188 B.C), Samhita of charka and Sushruta (1000 and 600 B.

Polymer coated polymeric microneedles for intravitreal delivery of dexamethasone.

The polymer coated polymeric (PCP) microneedles (MNs) is a novel approach for controlled delivery of drugs (without allowing release of the excipients) to the target site. PCP MNs was explored as an approach to deliver the drug intravitreally to minimize the risks associated with conventional intravitreal injections. The core MNs was fabricated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and coating was with Eudragit E100.

Promising Role of Silk-Based Biomaterials for Ocular-Based Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.

Silk is a wonderful biopolymer that has a long history of medical applications. Surgical cords and medically authorised human analogues made of silk have a long history of use in management. We describe the use of silk in the treatment of eye diseases in this review by looking at the usage of silk fibroin for eye-related drug delivery applications and medication transfer to the eyes.

Silk Fibroin as an Efficient Biomaterial for Drug Delivery, Gene Therapy, and Wound Healing.

Silk fibroin (SF), an organic material obtained from the cocoons of a silkworm , is used in several applications and has a proven track record in biomedicine owing to its superior compatibility with the human body, superb mechanical characteristics, and its controllable propensity to decay. Due to its robust biocompatibility, less immunogenic, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and biodegradable properties, it has been widely used in biological and biomedical fields, including wound healing. The key strategies for building diverse SF-based drug delivery systems are discussed in this review, as well as the most recent ways for developing functionalized SF for controlled or redirected medicines, gene therapy, and wound healing.

Global Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Patients and its Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Background: At a global level, the COVID-19 disease outbreak has had a major impact on health services and has induced disruption in routine care of health institutions, exposing cancer patients to severe risks. To provide uninterrupted tumor treatment throughout a pandemic lockdown is a major obstacle. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, stance considerable challenges for the management of oncology patients.

Convective Solvent Transport Pathways for Absorption of Drugs from Topical Formulation.

Physicochemical and formulation factors influencing penetration of drugs from topical products into the skin and mechanisms of drug permeation are well investigated and reported in the literature. However, mechanisms of drug absorption during short-term exposure have not been given sufficient importance. In this project, the extent of absorption of drug molecules into the skin from aqueous and ethanolic solutions following a 5-min application period was investigated.

Polymer Coated Polymeric (PCP) Microneedles for Controlled Delivery of Drugs (Dermal and Intravitreal).

Microneedles are used to deliver drugs topically across the skin and mucous membranes. Dissolvable microneedles are made using soluble polymers, which disintegrates in the tissue and release the entire payload instantaneously including the polymer construct. Often, a slow release of drug into the tissue is desirable to overcome the severity of side effects at the site of administration as well as systemic adverse effects.

Polymer Coated Polymeric (PCP) microneedles for sampling of drugs and biomarkers from tissues.

The Polymer Coated Polymeric (PCP) microneedles were fabricated using PVP K30 in the core and ethyl cellulose in the coating. The PCP microneedles do not disintegrate in the tissue upon insertion and rather stays intact and allows diffusion of drugs and analytes across the membrane both inward and outward. In this project the potential use of PCP microneedles for sampling analytes from the dermal tissue was explored.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: A rare case report.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare type of sarcoma that is characterized by benign-appearing histologic features but a paradoxically aggressive clinical course. Recognition of this lesion is important because of its indolent but metastasizing nature. These tumors generally occur in young to middle-aged adults, sometimes in children, but rarely in the high-aged adults.

Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in normal and obese individuals: A study in Indian subpopulation.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing worldwide. Reliable and noninvasive tools that can be used to diagnose such conditions may help us in mass screening and prevention. Finger prints and lip prints have been used as the genetic markers in some diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

Non-dermal applications of microneedle drug delivery systems.

Microneedles (MNs) are micron-scaled needles measuring 100 to 1000 μm that were initially explored for delivery of therapeutic agents across the skin. Considering the success in transcutaneous drug delivery, the application of microneedles has been extended to different tissues and organs. The review captures the application of microneedles to the oral mucosa, the eye, vagina, gastric mucosa, nail, scalp, and vascular tissues for delivery of vaccines, biologics, drugs, and diagnostic agents.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Maxillary Defect Caused by Ameloblastoma of Rare Occurrence: A Clinical Case Report.

According to WHO statistics, individuals of the Indian subcontinent have the highest prevalence of orofacial cancer. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or combination therapies are commonly administered treatment modalities for the treatment of oral cancer. Rehabilitation after surgical resection of the maxillary area is often a challenging task for maxillofacial prosthodontists.

Iontophoretic Mediated Intraarticular Delivery of Deformable Liposomes of Diclofenac Sodium.

Background And Objective: Topical therapy is ineffective in the case of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) as it is not able to maintain therapeutic levels of the drug in the affected joint due to its inability to surpass the dermal circulation and penetrate into deeper tissues. One of the approaches to enhance deep tissue penetration of drugs is to increase drug delivery much above the dermal clearance. The objective of the present work was to formulate negatively charged Deformable Liposomes (DL) of Diclofenac Sodium (DS) using biosurfactants and target the same to the synovial fluid by application of iontophoresis.

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting in orthognathic surgery: a 10-year retrospective study.

Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is considered as one of the most incessant and anguishing factors for patients who have surgery under general anesthesia. The occurrence of PONV after orthognathic surgery can lead to dehydration, infection, bleeding at the surgical site, and patient discomfort, all of which leave a patient with a negative impression of anesthesia and surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of PONV after orthognathic surgery and to correlate it with factors related to patient, anesthesia, and surgery.

Thermosensitive liposomal gels loaded with antimicrobial agent for oral care in critically ill patients.

A novel thermosensitive gel loaded with meropenem (MP) liposomes was designed to improve retention in the oral cavity as a prophylactic measure to prevent ventilator-acquired pneumonia in critically ill patients. Meropenem liposomes were incorporated into poloxamer 407 gels and gamma irradiated. Mean size of liposome was 247 nm, polydispersity index < 0.