Co-introduction of precipitate hardening and TRIP in a TWIP high-entropy alloy using friction stir alloying.

Tuning deformation mechanisms is imperative to overcome the well-known strength-ductility paradigm. Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and precipitate hardening have been investigated separately and have been altered to achieve exceptional strength or ductility in several alloy systems. In this study, we use a novel solid-state alloying method-friction stir alloying (FSA)-to tune the microstructure, and a composition of a TWIP high-entropy alloy by adding Ti, and thus activating site-specific deformation mechanisms that occur concomitantly in a single alloy.