Predicting Leptospirosis Using Baseline Laboratory Tests and Geospatial Mapping of Acute Febrile Illness Cases Through Machine Learning-Based Algorithm.

Introduction Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by bacteria, which is reemerging in various regions and often poses a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific symptoms. While most infections are mild, severe cases occur in 5-10% of patients and are associated with high mortality, especially in areas with poor sanitation and urbanization. This study aims to investigate the association of specific parameters with leptospirosis diagnosis using a machine learning model and geographic mapping tools to identify spatial patterns and high-risk areas for the disease.

Unveiling a Rarity: First Instance of Urinary Tract Infection Caused by in India.

Introduction: species other than are being continuously reported as pathogens.

Case Presentation: A patient visited the Urology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care centre in India reporting lower abdominal pain, urinary incontinence, and intermittent weak urine flow persisting for 12 years, intensifying over the last 15 days. She also experienced urgency, straining, weak stream, and incomplete voiding, along with a previous fever episode.

Contrasting Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages across Multiple Rounds of Pandemic Waves in West Bengal, the Gateway of East and North-East States of India.

The evolution of viral variants and their impact on viral transmission have been an area of considerable importance in this pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We analyzed the viral variants in different phases of the pandemic in West Bengal, a state in India that is important geographically, and compared the variants with other states like Delhi, Maharashtra, and Karnataka, located in other regions of the country. We have identified 57 pango-lineages in 3,198 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, alteration in their distribution, as well as contrasting profiles of amino acid mutational dynamics across different waves in different states.

Stress, Sleep and Psychological Impact in Healthcare Workers During the Early Phase of COVID-19 in India: A Factor Analysis.

Risks to healthcare workers have escalated during the pandemic and they are likely to experience a greater level of stress. This cross-sectional study investigated mental distress among healthcare workers during the early phase of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in India. 140 healthcare workers of a tertiary care hospital in India were assessed for perceived stress and insomnia.

Dual cross-linked honey coupled 3D antimicrobial alginate hydrogels for cutaneous wound healing.

We report potentiation of healing efficacy of alginate by value addition at its structural level. Dual crosslinked (ionically and covalently) sodium alginate hydrogel coupled with honey (HSAG) brings about an intermediate stiffness in the fabric, confers consistent swelling property and limits erratic degradation of the polymer which ultimately provides conducive milieu to cellular growth and proliferation. In this work honey concentrations in HSAGs are varied from 2% to 10%.

Dengue fever in a south Asian metropolis: a report on 219 cases.

Background And Objectives: Yearly epidemics of Dengue fever occur post-monsoon in India's capital, Delhi. A prospective observational study was conducted during the outbreak months to understand the epidemiology and outcome of this infection and its economic impact.

Materials And Methods: Febrile hospitalized (n=219) patients with dengue fever diagnosed by a combination of MAC-ELISA, GAC-ELISA and NS1Antigen-ELISA were enrolled.

Indigenous Probiotic Lactobacillus Isolates Presenting Antibiotic like Activity against Human Pathogenic Bacteria.

Background: Indigenous lactic acid bacteria are well known probiotics having antibacterial activity against potentially pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to characterize the curd lactobacilli for their probiotic potentiality and antagonistic activity against clinical bacteria.

Methods: Four curd samples were processed microbiologically for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Significance of IgG optical density ratios (index value) in single reactive anti-Dengue virus IgG capture ELISA.

Background And Objectives: A single reactive IgG anti-Dengue virus ELISA test in the absence of IgM antibodies or NS1 antigen may denote current infection or past exposure to the virus. To determine whether IgG index value can be used to identify true current dengue infection we conducted a prospective observational study.

Materials And Methods: Suspected dengue patients (n =1745) were tested in their first specimen by MAC-ELISA, GAC-ELISA and NS1 antigen ELISA.

Surgical Site Infection by Methicillin Resistant - on Decline?

Introduction: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the most common healthcare associated infection that could be averted by antibiotics prophylaxis against the probable offending organisms. As has been playing a substantial role in the aetiology of SSIs, Methicillin Resistant (MRSA) happens to be a problem while dealing with the postoperative wound infection.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of SSI caused by MRSA and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of MRSA.

Commercial Disinfectants During Disinfection Process Validation: More Failures than Success.

Introduction: Disinfection process validation is mandatory before introduction of a new disinfectant in hospital services. Commercial disinfection brands often question existing hospital policy claiming greater efficacy and lack of toxicity of their products. Inadvertent inadequate disinfection leads to morbidity, patient's economic burden, and the risk of mortality.

Rubella seronegativity among health care workers in a tertiary care north Indian hospital: implications for immunization policy.

Background: Rubella is traditionally considered a childhood disease but has the potential to cause outbreaks in hospital set ups. It is important to know the susceptibility status of health care workers (HCWs) as to frame guidelines for their immunization and thus prevent hospital outbreaks.

Participants: The rubella susceptibility status of 313 HCWs working in the institute was assessed.

Efficacy of an in-house polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with tubercular lymphadenitis: comparison with fine needle aspiration cytology and conventional techniques.

Introduction: Tubercular lymphadenitis (TB-L) is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Excisional biopsy with histopathological examination, Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZNS) and culture and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, although useful in the diagnosis of TB-L, cannot diagnose a substantial proportion of cases. We investigated the role of an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the IS6110 gene from the FNA material in the diagnosis of the disease.

Invasive aspergillosis in developing countries.

To review invasive aspergillosis (IA) in developing countries, we included those countries, which are mentioned in the document of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), called the Emerging and Developing Economies List, 2009. A PubMed/Medline literature search was performed for studies concerning IA reported during 1970 through March 2010 from these countries. IA is an important cause of morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients of developing countries, though the exact frequency of the disease is not known due to inadequate reporting and facilities to diagnose.

Pediatric urinary tract infections in a tertiary care center from north India.

Background & Objectives: Paediatric urinary tract infections (UTI) are associated with high morbidity and long term complications like renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. A cause of occult febrile illness, they often remain undiagnosed. We studied the clinical and microbiologic profile and antibiotic resistance profile of such infections in paediatric UTI patients at our center.

A community-based study on nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.

Background & Objective: Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a major global problem. Colonization rates of MRSA in the community have been reported to range from 0 to 9.2 per cent.

Increasing trends of leptospirosis in northern India: a clinico-epidemiological study.

Background: Leptospirosis, a zoonosis associated with potentially fatal consequences, has long been a grossly underreported disease in India. There is no accurate estimate of the problem of leptospirosis in non-endemic areas such as north India.

Methods/principal Findings: In order to understand the clinical spectrum and risk factors associated with leptospirosis, we carried out a retrospective study in patients with acute febrile illness in north India over the last 5 years (January 2004 to December 2008).

Recent experience with fungaemia: change in species distribution and azole resistance.

Owing to a rise in frequency and change in pattern of cases with fungaemia at our tertiary care centre, we conducted a prospective study for 4 months to understand the epidemiology and outcome of this infection. Detailed case histories including management protocol and outcomes were noted. Records of 140 cases with fungaemia (27.

Overview of opportunistic fungal infections in India.

In recent years fungi have been flourishing in immunocompromised patients of tertiary care centers. The data on the burden of opportunistic mycoses in India is not clear though the climate in this country is well suited for a wide variety of fungal infections. There are very few good diagnostic mycology laboratories and clinicians are still not aware of the emerging trends.