Carbon Based Polymeric Nanocomposite Hydrogel Bioink: A Review.

Carbon-based polymeric nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in biomedical materials by integrating nanoparticles such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and activated charcoal (AC) into polymeric matrices. These nanocomposites significantly enhance the mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and bioactivity of hydrogels, making them highly effective for drug delivery, tissue engineering (TE), bioinks for 3D Bioprinting, and wound healing applications. Graphene improves the mechanical and electrical properties of hydrogels, facilitating advanced tissue scaffolding and drug delivery systems.

Bacterial nanocellulose by static, static intermittent fed-batch and rotary disc bioreactor-based fermentation routes using economical black tea broth medium: A comparative account.

Bacterial nanocellulose was produced here using static, static intermittent-fed batch (SIFB) and rotary disc bioreactor (RDB) mode. Economical black tea broth media with symbiotic consortia of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) was used towards feasible BNC production (instead of commercial NCIM 2526 strain and conventional HS media). The physicochemical characterization of BNC produced in all three modes via FE-SEM, ATR-FTIR, XRD and TGA results showed a highly porous morphology, mostly Iα form, good crystallinity and thermal stability, respectively.

Multicomponent decellularized extracellular matrix of caprine small intestine submucosa based bioactive hydrogel promoting full-thickness burn wound healing in rabbits.

Effective treatment for full-thickness burn wounds has remained challenging for clinicians. Among various strategies, extracellular gel-based dressing materials have gained attention to promote effective and rapid wound healing. These gel-based materials are porous and have antioxidant, antibacterial, hydrophilic, biodegradation, and biocompatible properties and hence can be used to alleviate burn wound healing.

Preparation, characterization, and bioactivity of reinforced monetite with chitosan-gelatin electrospun composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

In this study, chitosan-gelatin-monetite (CGM)-based electrospun scaffolds have been developed that closely mimicked the microstructure and chemical composition of the extracellular matrix of natural bone. CGM-based nanofibrous composite scaffolds were prepared with the help of the electrospinning technique, post-cross-linked using ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide solution to improve their stability in an aqueous environment. The prepared chitosan/gelatin (CG) scaffold showed an average fiber diameter of 308 ± 17 nm, whereas 5 and 7 wt% monetite containing CGMand CGMscaffolds, exhibited an average fiber diameter of 287 ± 13 and 265 ± 9 nm, respectively, revealing the fine distribution of monetite particles on the fibrous surface.

Meropenem loaded 4-arm-polyethylene-succinimidyl-carboxymethyl ester and hyaluronic acid based bacterial resistant hydrogel.

Developing an ideal vitreous substitute/implant is a current challenge. Moreover, implants (e.g.

Nanoceria laden decellularized extracellular matrix-based curcumin releasing nanoemulgel system for full-thickness wound healing.

Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) has been widely used for wound healing. But, ECM failed to integrate tissue and restore the tissue function properly, when elevated levels of free radicals and biofilm formation occur at the wound site. Here, nanoemulgel systems were fabricated, considering the combinatorial approach of nanotechnology (nanoceria and curcumin nanoemulsion) and ECM gel of goat small intestine submucosa.

Development of decellularization protocol for caprine small intestine submucosa as a biomaterial.

Decellularized animal tissues have been proven to be promising biomaterials for various tissue engineering (TE) applications. Among various animal tissues, small intestine submucosa (SIS) has gained attention of many researchers due to its easy availability from the abattoir waste, excellent physicochemical and biological characteristics of a good biomaterial. In this study, Caprine SIS was decellularized to get decellularized caprine SIS (DG-SIS).

A highly transparent tri-polymer complexhydrogel of HA, collagen and four-arm-PEG as potential vitreous substitute.

There is a requirement of removal and replacement of vitreous for various ophthalmic diseases, e.g. retinopathy and retinal detachment.

Curcumin in decellularized goat small intestine submucosa for wound healing and skin tissue engineering.

Biomaterials derived from extracellular matrices (ECMs) were extensively used for skin tissue engineering and wound healing. ECM is a complex network of biomolecules (e.g.

Biomatrix from goat-waste in sponge/gel/powder form for tissue engineering and synergistic effect of nanoceria.

For tissue engineering (TE), decellularized matrices gained huge potential as they consist of natural biomolecules which help in cell attachment and proliferation. Among various animal tissues, goat tissue has gained least attention in spite of the fact that goat tissue is less susceptible to disease transmission as compared to cadaveric porcine and bovine tissue. In this study, goat small intestine submucosa (G-SIS) was isolated from goat small intestine (G-SI), a waste from goat-slaughterhouse, and decellularized to obtain decellularized G-SIS (DG-SIS) biomatrix in the form of powder, gel and sponge form, so that it can be used for healing various types of wounds.

Gelatin-polycaprolactone-nanohydroxyapatite electrospun nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Bone injuries and fractures generally take a long period to heal itself. To address this problem, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has gained significant research impetus. Among the several techniques used for scaffold fabrication, electrospinning ought to be the most promising technique for the development of the nanostructured scaffolds.

Vitreous substitutes: An overview of the properties, importance, and development.

Vitreous or vitreous humor is a complex transparent gel that fills the space between the lens and retina of an eye and acts as a transparent medium that allows light to pass through it to reach the photoreceptor layer (retina) of the eye. The vitreous humor is removed in ocular surgery (vitrectomy) for pathologies like retinal detachment, macular hole, diabetes-related vitreous hemorrhage detachment, and ocular trauma. Since the vitreous is not actively regenerated or replenished, there is a need for a vitreous substitute to fill the vitreous cavity to provide a temporary or permanent tamponade to the retina following some vitreoretinal surgeries.

Gelatin-alginate-cerium oxide nanocomposite scaffold for bone regeneration.

Worldwide the number of bone damage/fracture, due to traumatic and accidental injuries, has been growing exponentially. Currently available treatments for bone repairing are slow, and often full functional recovery is not achieved. During slow healing process, free radicals are generated at fractured site, which causes further delay in healing process.

Development of a nanocomposite scaffold of gelatin-alginate-graphene oxide for bone tissue engineering.

Bone damage, due to congenital defects, trauma and sports-related injuries, has become a foremost health problem all over the world. The present study involves fabrication of a nanocomposite scaffold of graphene oxide (GO), gelatin and alginate, with an aim of enhancing bone regeneration. The effect of varying concentration of GO on the scaffold properties was also determined.