Assessment of age specific serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels for Indian population: A retrospective analysis at a tertiary healthcare facility.

Introduction: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key marker for prostate cancer screening, but its utility is debated, prompting exploration of PSA derivatives for improved accuracy. While racial variations in serum PSA levels are documented, limited data exists for the Indian population. Given increasing life expectancy and heightened awareness of prostate cancer, this study aims to establish age-specific PSA ranges in an Indian cohort, contributing vital insights for population-specific screening and diagnosis.

Sero-Negative Systemic Sclerosis: A Rare Presentation.

Systemic Sclerosis is a multisystem disease associated with progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs. It is diagnosed by presence of characteristic clinical findings and is supported by specific serologic abnormalities. ANA is positive in case of systemic sclerosis in 90 percent of cases.

Recurrent severe anaemia: a rare presentation of parvovirus b19 infection.

Secondary pure red cell aplasia is usually seen in immunocompromised hosts or patients who have chronic haemolytic anaemia, which is caused by blood transfusion related transmission. The present patient, a 30-year-old immunocompetent female, presented several times with recurrent severe anaemia, over a period of one and half years. Her history, clinical examination and investigations did not reveal any indigenous drug intake, previous blood transfusions, haemolytic disorders, myeloproliferative disorders, pregnancies, autoimmune diseases or thymoma.

Peripheral arterial disease and digital gangrene: a rare presentation of diabetic hand syndrome.

Digital gangrene in upper limbs may be due to systemic sclerosis, trauma, connective tissue disorders, vasculitic disorders and various myeloproliferative disorders or as a part of tropical diabetes hand syndrome which follows trauma. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetics commonly involves lower limbs. The present case, 45-year-old diabetic, presented with dry gangrene in fingertips of both hands for last two weeks without any history of trauma or lower limb gangrene.

Mouse model of haemorrhagic septicaemia: dissemination and multiplication of Pasteurella multocida B:2 in vital organs after intranasal and subcutaneous challenge in mice.

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an endemic disease of bovines, occurring in most tropical regions of Asia and Africa. In the present study, the suitability of using mice to study pathogenesis of HS was assessed using mortality, mean death time and bacterial multiplication in vital organs after infection with live P multocida. Mice were infected with 10(5), 10(3) and 10(1)cfu of P.

Mucosal immunization provides better protection than subcutaneous immunization against Pasteurella multocida (B:2) in mice preimmunized with the outer membrane proteins.

To investigate the effect of boosting immunity via mucosal route vis-a-vis parenteral route in the mouse model of haemorrhagic septicaemia, mice preimmunized with OMP of Pasteurella multocida (B:2) were immunized with 10(2) cfu of P. multocida via intranasal and subcutaneous routes. Mice were challenged through intranasal route (natural route of infection) with 10(8) cfu 14 days after immunization.

Immunogenicity of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida B:2 in mice model.

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMP) of Pasteurella multocida B:2 in mice as potential immunogens. Outer membrane proteins extracted from P. multocida B:2 grown under normal (OMP) and iron-deficient (IROMP) conditions were subjected to discontinuous SDS-PAGE.

The MHC-haplotype influences primary, but not memory, immune responses to an immunodominant peptide containing T- and B-cell epitopes of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus Gag protein.

In this report, we describe a short peptide, containing a T helper- and a B-cell epitope, located in the Gag protein of the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). This T-cell epitope is capable of inducing a robust T-cell proliferative response in vaccinated goats with different genetic backgrounds and to provide help for a strong antibody response to the B-cell epitope, indicating that it may function as a universal antigen-carrier for goat vaccines. The primary immune response of goats homozygous for MHC class I and II genes showed an MHC-dependent partitioning in rapid-high and slow-low responses, whereas the memory immune response was strong in both groups, demonstrating that a vaccine based on this immunodominant T helper epitope is capable to overcome genetic differences.

Early and transient induction of nitric oxide (NO) in infectious bursal disease virus infection is T-cell dependent: a study in cyclosporin-A treated chicken-model.

The level of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatants of mitogen (PHA) stimulated lymphocyte cultures from infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus infected T-cell suppressed and immune competent chickens was monitored. The immune competent chickens when infected with IBD virus showed 4-6 folds increased levels of NO as compared to uninfected chickens. The levels of NO in T-cell suppressed chickens were comparable to uninfected control chickens, in spite of markedly increased hemorrhage suggesting that the muscular hemorrhage observed in IBD in not solely and directly related with NO production.

Infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in bursa of chickens infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV): strain-specific differences.

In order to investigate if there is any definite correlation between the degree of T-cell response in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) and the virulence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) virus strains, chickens were infected with strains of different virulence i.e. mild (Lukert strain), intermediate (Georgia strain) or invasive intermediate (IV-95 strain).