-Glycosylation of proteins, an important post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells, plays an essential role in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Abnormal changes in protein glycosylation are closely related to the occurrence of many critical diseases, including diabetes, tumors, and neurological, kidney, and inflammatory diseases. A non-invasive type of liquid biopsy, urine sampling has the advantage of reducing the complexity of proteomic analysis.
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