Epidemiology of ixodid ticks in cattle population of various agro-climatic zones of Punjab, India.

Objective: To determine the epidemiology of ixodid ticks in bovines of different agro-climatic zones of Punjab state, India.

Methods: A total of 4 459 cattle of all age groups and sex were examined from eighteen districts of five major agro-climatic zones of Punjab state, India.

Results: The overall prevalence of ixodid ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus (R.