Recombinant TBEV Protein E of the Siberian Subtype Is a Candidate Antigen in the ELISA Test System for Differential Diagnosis.

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most common members of the genus, which comprises the causative agents of severe diseases in humans and animals. Due to the expanding areas of orthoflavivirus infection, its differential diagnosis is highly demanded. Commercial test kits based on inactivated TBEV may not provide reliable differentiation between flaviviruses because of serological crossover in this genus.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Whole Virion COVID-19 Vaccine CoviVac in Clinical Trials in 18-60 and 60+ Age Cohorts.

We present the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial phase I/II of the tolerability, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated whole virion concentrated purified coronavirus vaccine CoviVac in volunteers aged 18-60 and open multi-center comparative phase IIb clinical trial in volunteers aged 60 years and older. The safety of the vaccine was assessed in 400 volunteers in the 18-60 age cohort who received two doses of the vaccine (n = 300) or placebo (n = 100) and in 200 volunteers in 60+ age cohort all of whom received three doses of the vaccine. The studied vaccine has shown good tolerability and safety.

Enteroviruses Manipulate the Unfolded Protein Response through Multifaceted Deregulation of the Ire1-Xbp1 Pathway.

Many viruses are known to trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in host cells, which in turn can develop a protective unfolded protein response (UPR). Depending on the conditions, the UPR may lead to either cell survival or programmed cell death. One of three UPR branches involves the upregulation of Xbp1 transcription factor caused by the unconventional cytoplasmic splicing of its mRNA.

Vaccination With Oral Polio Vaccine Reduces COVID-19 Incidence.

Background: Effective response to emerging pandemic threats is complicated by the need to develop specific vaccines and other medical products. The availability of broadly specific countermeasures that could be deployed early in the pandemic could significantly alter its course and save countless lives. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) were shown to induce non-specific protection against a broad spectrum of off-target pathogens by stimulating innate immune responses.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Moscow in 2020: clinical features and impact on circulation of other respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Moscow in 2020.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized children.

Methods: A total of 226 and 864 children admitted to the Children's City Clinical Hospital with acute respiratory infection in September to November of 2018 and 2020 in Moscow were tested for respiratory viruses using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Chlamydia pneumoniae using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The detection rate of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses in 2020 was lower than in 2018, 16.

Structural characterization of β-propiolactone inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles.

The severe COVID-19 pandemic drives the research toward the SARS-CoV-2 virion structure and the possible therapies against it. Here, we characterized the β-propiolactone inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We compared the SARS-CoV-2 samples purified by two consecutive chromatographic procedures (size exclusion chromatography [SEC], followed by ion-exchange chromatography [IEC]) with samples purified by ultracentrifugation.

Long-term humoral immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of inactivated vaccine against COVID-19 (CoviVac) in preclinical studies.

The unprecedented in recent history global COVID-19 pandemic urged the implementation of all existing vaccine platforms to ensure the availability of the vaccines against COVID-19 to every country in the world. Despite the multitude of high-quality papers describing clinical trials of different vaccine products, basic detailed data on general toxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunogenicity, protective efficacy and durability of immune response in animal models are scarce. Here, we developed a β-propiolactone-inactivated whole virion vaccine CoviVac and assessed its safety, protective efficacy, immunogenicity and stability of the immune response in rodents and non-human primates.

Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated Sabin-Strain Polio Vaccine "PoliovacSin": Clinical Trials Phase I and II.

Global polio eradication requires both safe and effective vaccines, and safe production processes. Sabin oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) strains can evolve to virulent viruses and result in poliomyelitis outbreaks, and conventional inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (Salk-IPV) production includes accumulation of large stocks of neurovirulent wild polioviruses. Therefore, IPV based on attenuated OPV strains seems a viable option.

Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants collected in Russia during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objectives: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 in China and then spread worldwide over the following months, involving 188 countries. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Russia.

Methods: In this study, two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains were isolated and genetically characterized.

Characterization of Mutational Tolerance of a Viral RNA-Protein Interaction.

Replication of RNA viruses is generally markedly error-prone. Nevertheless, these viruses usually retain their identity under more or less constant conditions due to different mechanisms of mutation tolerance. However, there exists only limited information on quantitative aspects of the mutational tolerance of distinct viral functions.

Mutational robustness and resilience of a replicative cis-element of RNA virus: Promiscuity, limitations, relevance.

Since replication of RNA-viruses is generally a low-fidelity process, it would be advantageous, if specific interactions of their genomic cis-elements with dedicated ligands are relatively tolerant to mutations. The specificity/promiscuity trade-off of such interactions was addressed here by investigating structural requirements of the oriL (also known as the clover leaf-like element), of poliovirus RNA, a replicative cis-element containing a conserved essential tetraloop functionally interacting with the viral protein 3CD. The sequence of this tetraloop and 2 adjacent base-pairs was randomized in the viral genome, and viable viruses were selected in susceptible cells.

[Development of experimental test-system on the basis of immunochip for syphilis serodiagnostics].

Aim: Development of test-system on the basis of immunochip for detection of IgG to Treponema pallidum.

Materials And Methods: Recombinant T. pallidum antigens Tp47, Tp17, Tp15, TmpA were separately immobilized on activated slides as individual spots.

[Design of an immunochip for separate detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies].

A test kit as an immunochip designed for the diagnosis of hepatic C virus (HCV) has a high sensitivity and specificity. Recombinant HCV antigens were separately immobilized on the activated slides together with internal controls. Serum test results were red by ScanArray Express.

[The organization of the rehabilitation of children with the after-effects of perinatal pathology of nervous system in the conditions of day-stay hospital].

The new organizational pattern of hospital-substituting technology--the day-stay hospital for the rehabilitation of the children suffering from chronic somatic diseases and after-effects of perinatal lesion of the central nervous system. This approach gives an opportunity to implement a relevant and up-to-date neuro-somatic approach using the potential of medical specialists from the pediatric polyclinic's staff The priority is given to the non-pharmaceutical techniques of rehabilitation to permitting to come about the higher results even without expensive pharmaceuticals.

[Development and use of the assay for Legionella pneumophila detection based on fluorescent real-time/endpoint polymerase-chain reaction].

The aim of the work was to develop a PCR-based assay for detection of L. pneumophila and L. micdadei in environmental samples as well as in clinical samples from low respiratory tract and to assess its analytic characteristics.

Risk factors dynamics in multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease.

The effectiveness of preventive measures in populations subjected to a different degree of preventive activity was according to the dynamics of risk factors (RF) tested in the course of four years. Among 6619 examined men aged 40-59 years, a high incidence of RF (79.2%), their connection with ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and frequent simultaneous incidence of several RF even in subjects without IHD were found.

[Approaches to the secondary prevention of arterial hypertension among the population (data from a cooperative study on the multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease)].

A cooperative study has reviewed the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) among 40- to 59-year-old male residents of three cities (Moscow, Minsk and Kaunas) and the possibility of organizing a long-term outpatient treatment of newly-detected AH cases as well as the efficiency of the latter. Of 16,703 individuals screened, AH was detected in 27.9%.

[Preventive examination of the population of the medical district of an urban polyclinic].

Prophylactic examination of the population in a district of a city out-patients clinic was performed. Altogether 689 persons (298 men and 391 women) aged 16 to 64 were examined. A great prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CND) and common risk factors were revealed: CHD in 16.

[Chest pains detected on the basis of the WHO standard questionnaire and their prognostic significance].

A WHO standard questionnaire for the detection of angina pectoris was used in examination of 6914 males aged 40 to 59. The character of the pain syndrome was correlated with risk factor (RF) levels, the prevalence of ECG-signs of ischemic changes, the incidence of cases of myocardial infarction (MI) during a 5-year follow-up period. Examinees with angina pectoris had the highest levels of systolic and diastolic AP, cholesterol, body mass, the highest frequency of lethal and nonlethal MI.

[Differential diagnosis of arterial hypertension at a city polyclinic with mass population screening].

The paper discusses the problems of differential diagnosis between varying types of arterial hypertension detected during mass screening of the population. Randomized examination was made in 45% of male population aged 40-59 years. Arterial hypertension was observed in 26.

The incidence of arterial hypertension in the male population aged 40-59 years in Moscow and Kaunas.

The authors examined 1480 Moscow and 1568 Kaunas male residents aged between 40 and 59 years. The incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) in Moscow and Kaunas amounted to 27.9 and 21.

[Results of the active detection and 2-year treatment of arterial hypertension at a polyclinic].

Patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in one of out-patient clinics (group I) were actively treated and supervised during two years according to a special programme, the elements of which had been adjusted to the conditions and possibilities of an out-patient clinic. Patients with arterial hypertension in another clinic (group II) were treated in a conventional way by district physicians. This work proves the possibility of taking a complex of active measures against AH in a municipal out-patient clinic, which allows one to improve significantly the aid to patients with AH and to increase the number of patients treated and receiving an adequate treatment.