Ultimate Regime of Rayleigh-Bénard Turbulence: Subregimes and Their Scaling Relations for the Nusselt vs Rayleigh and Prandtl Numbers.

We offer a new model for the heat transfer and the turbulence intensity in strongly driven Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence (the so-called ultimate regime), which in contrast to hitherto models is consistent with the new mathematically exact heat transfer upper bound of Choffrut et al. [Upper bounds on Nusselt number at finite Prandtl number, J. Differ.

Effect on Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism.

The effect of maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria on triglyceride and carbohydrate metabolism, starvation resistance and feeding behavior of females was studied. Eight lines of the same nuclear background were investigated; one had no infection and served as the control, and seven others were infected with different strains pertaining to wMel and wMelCS groups of genotypes. Most of the infected lines had a higher overall lipid content and triglyceride level than the control line and their expression of the gene regulating triglyceride catabolism was reduced.

New Genotype Increasing Heat Stress Resistance of Host Is Characterized by a Large Chromosomal Inversion.

The maternally transmitted endocellular bacteria Wolbachia is a well-known symbiont of insects, demonstrating both negative and positive effects on host fitness. The previously found Wolbachia strain wMelPlus is characterized by a positive effect on the stress-resistance of its host Drosophila melanogaster, under heat stress conditions. This investigation is dedicated to studying the genomic underpinnings of such an effect.

Easy and Effective Method for Extracting and Purifying Genomic DNA.

A number of methods for extracting the DNA of maternally inherited obligate intracellular bacteria from an insect host and its subsequent purification have been described in previous scholarship. As is present in the hosts' organisms in rather low quantities, these techniques used to be quite labor-intensive. For this paper, we analyzed them in detail, searched for a possibility to simplify and accelerate the protocol, and proposed an easy and effective method for isolating DNA from with a purity sufficient for genomic sequencing.

Rare Wolbachia genotypes in laboratory Drosophila melanogaster strains.

Symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are widespread in Drosophila melanogaster populations. Based on the polymorphism of the Wolbachia genome, the symbionts' diversity in D. melanogaster is presented by two groups: MEL (wMel, wMel2, wMel3 and wMel4) and CS (wMelCS and wMelCS2).

Aspect Ratio Dependence of Heat Transfer in a Cylindrical Rayleigh-Bénard Cell.

While the heat transfer and the flow dynamics in a cylindrical Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) cell are rather independent of the aspect ratio Γ (diameter/height) for large Γ, a small-Γ cell considerably stabilizes the flow and thus affects the heat transfer. Here, we first theoretically and numerically show that the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection at given Γ follows Ra_{c,Γ}∼Ra_{c,∞}(1+CΓ^{-2})^{2}, with C≲1.49 for Oberbeck-Boussinesq (OB) conditions.

The transcription factor controls the expression of insulin pathway genes and lipids content under heat stress in .

The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway is one of the key elements in an organism's response to unfavourable conditions. The deep homology of this pathway and its evolutionary conservative role in controlling the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism make it possible to use for studying its functioning. To identify the properties of interaction of two key IIS pathway components under heat stress in (the forkhead box O transcription factor () and insulin-like peptide 6 (), which intermediates the signal sent from the fat body to the insulin-producing cells of the brain where DILPs1-5 are synthesized), we analysed the expression of the genes , and insulin-like receptor gene in females of strains carrying the hypomorphic mutation and hypofunctional mutation .

Periodically Modulated Thermal Convection.

Many natural and industrial turbulent flows are subjected to time-dependent boundary conditions. Despite being ubiquitous, the influence of temporal modulations (with frequency f) on global transport properties has hardly been studied. Here, we perform numerical simulations of Rayleigh-Bénard convection with time periodic modulation in the temperature boundary condition and report how this modulation can lead to a significant heat flux (Nusselt number Nu) enhancement.

Multiple States in Turbulent Large-Aspect-Ratio Thermal Convection: What Determines the Number of Convection Rolls?

Wall-bounded turbulent flows can take different statistically stationary turbulent states, with different transport properties, even for the very same values of the control parameters. What state the system takes depends on the initial conditions. Here we analyze the multiple states in large-aspect ratio (Γ) two-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard flow with no-slip plates and horizontally periodic boundary conditions as model system.

Elliptical Instability and Multiple-Roll Flow Modes of the Large-Scale Circulation in Confined Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection.

The large-scale circulation (LSC) of fluid is one of the main concepts in turbulent thermal convection as it is known to be important in global heat and mass transport in the system. In turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in slender containers, the LSC is formed of several dynamically changing convective rolls that are stacked on top of each other. The present study reveals the following two important facts: (i) the mechanism which causes the twisting and breaking of a single-roll LSC into multiple rolls is the elliptical instability and (ii) the heat and momentum transport in RBC, represented by the Nusselt (Nu) and Reynolds (Re) numbers, is always stronger (weaker) for smaller (larger) number n of the rolls in the LSC structure.

Boundary Zonal Flow in Rotating Turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard Convection.

For rapidly rotating turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a slender cylindrical cell, experiments and direct numerical simulations reveal a boundary zonal flow (BZF) that replaces the classical large-scale circulation. The BZF is located near the vertical side wall and enables enhanced heat transport there. Although the azimuthal velocity of the BZF is cyclonic (in the rotating frame), the temperature is an anticyclonic traveling wave of mode one, whose signature is a bimodal temperature distribution near the radial boundary.

[Medical aspects of domestic violence against women and girls (review)].

In recent years scientists actively study the influence of domestic violence on psychological status and occurrence of mental disorders in women and girls. Psychological, physical, sexual and other types of violence are distinguished, the consequences of which are studied in many countries under the auspices of WHO. In international studies the serious consequences of domestic violence for women are investigated.

[Depression in women - the victims of domestic violence (forensic psychiatry aspects)].

Aim: To study the development of depressive disorders in women, the victims of domestic violence, who committed aggressive acts.

Material And Methods: Patients (n=12) were divided into two groups depending on acute depressive reaction in response to violence from husbands, which resulted in criminal acts. The first group included 4 women who killed their children and the second group included 8 women who killed their husbands.

Momentum and heat transport scalings in laminar vertical convection.

We derive the dependence of the Reynolds number Re and the Nusselt number Nu on the Rayleigh number Ra and the Prandtl number Pr in laminar vertical convection (VC), where a fluid is confined between two differently heated isothermal vertical walls. The boundary layer equations in laminar VC yield two limiting scaling regimes: Nu∼Pr^{1/4}Ra^{1/4}, Re∼Pr^{-1/2}Ra^{1/2} for Pr≪1 and Nu∼Pr^{0}Ra^{1/4}, Re∼Pr^{-1}Ra^{1/2} for Pr≫1. These theoretical results are in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations for Ra from 10^{5} to 10^{10} and Pr from 10^{-2} to 30.

Prandtl-Number Dependence of Heat Transport in Laminar Horizontal Convection.

We report the Prandtl-number (Pr) and Rayleigh-number (Ra) dependencies of the Reynolds number (Re) and mean convective heat transport, measured by the Nusselt number (Nu), in horizontal convection (HC) systems, where the heat supply and removal are provided exclusively through a lower horizontal surface of a fluid layer. For laminar HC, we find that Re∼Ra^{2/5}Pr^{-4/5}, Nu∼Ra^{1/5}Pr^{1/10} with a transition to Re∼Ra^{1/2}Pr^{-1}, Nu∼Ra^{1/4}Pr^{0} for large Pr. The results are based on direct numerical simulations for Ra from 3×10^{8} to 5×10^{10} and Pr from 0.

Thermal boundary layer equation for turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

We report a new thermal boundary layer equation for turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection for Prandtl number Pr>1 that takes into account the effect of turbulent fluctuations. These fluctuations are neglected in existing equations, which are based on steady-state and laminar assumptions. Using this new equation, we derive analytically the mean temperature profiles in two limits: (a) Pr≳1 and (b) Pr≫1.

Influence of the angle between the wind and the isothermal surfaces on the boundary layer structures in turbulent thermal convection.

We derive the asymptotes for the ratio of the thermal to viscous boundary layer thicknesses for infinite and infinitesimal Prandtl numbers Pr as functions of the angle β between the large-scale circulation and an isothermal heated or cooled surface for the case of turbulent thermal convection with laminar-like boundary layers. For this purpose, we apply the Falkner-Skan ansatz, which is a generalization of the Prandtl-Blasius one to a nonhorizontal free-stream flow above the viscous boundary layer. Based on our direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection for Pr=0.

[Constructing a test system for the identification of plague microbe based on genetic probes].

DNA probes for detection of the plague agent Yersinia pestis were made on a basis of its three typical extrachromosomal replicons. The recombinant plasmid pBS2 including pBR327 vector and SalGI-BspRI fragment of the plasmid pFra was constructed. The above fragment is connected with synthesis of Y.

[Design of a species-specific DNA probe based on the pFra plasmid of the plague pathogen].

The recombinant plasmid pBS1 carrying a 2 kb SalGI fragment of Yersinia pestis pFra plasmid was constructed by insertion of the fragment into a vector plasmid pBR327. SalGI-BspRI 400 bp subfragment was recloned into a pBR322 vector plasmid. Open reading frame was found in the fragment by DNA sequencing technique.

[The effect of visken and hypothiazide on the indices of the central and renal hemodynamics in patients with atherosclerotic hypertension].

A study of 43 elderly patients (60-74 years of age) with atherosclerotic hypertension revealed moderate disorders of the central and renal hemodynamics. The patients maintained adequately the main renal and endocrine functions (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Hypotensive treatment requires great care in these patients.