A Rare Presentation: Bilateral Necrotizing Scleritis in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Purpose: We report a rare and challenging case of bilateral necrotizing scleritis in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 72-year-old diabetic, hypertensive female patient presented with sudden onset of painful red left eye and was noted to have a corneal ulcer with severe thinning.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Combined with Immunosuppression for Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Purpose: To describe the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in conjunction with immunosuppression for acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Two known cases of SLE presented to us with blurred vision and paracentral scotomas due to AMN. Both cases reported worsening of their conditions despite the initiation of high-dose steroid therapy.

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis following intensive corticosteroid therapy in severe COVID-19 disease.

Purpose: To report endogenous fungal endophthalmitis, postrecovery from severe COVID-19 infection in otherwise immunocompetent individuals, treated with prolonged systemic steroids.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of cases with confirmed and presumed fungal endogenous endophthalmitis, following severe COVID-19 disease, treated at two tertiary care referral eye institutes in North India.

Results: Seven eyes of five cases of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis were studied.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Review of 447 Patients with Tubercular Intermediate Uveitis and Panuveitis.

Tubercular intermediate uveitis (TIU) and panuveitis (TBP) are difficult to manage because of limitations in diagnostic tools and lack of evidence-based treatment guidelines. The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) analyzed treatment regimens and therapeutic outcomes in patients with TIU and TBP. Multicentre retrospective analysis.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Descriptive Review of Tubercular Uveitis in Paediatric Population.

To examine disease profile of tubercular uveitis (TBU) in Paediatric population. Among 945 patients of the retrospective multinational study by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1, 29 Paediatric patients diagnosed with TBU were analyzed. Mean age of disease presentation was 12.

Visual Morbidity in Ocular Tuberculosis - Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: Report #6.

Aim of the study was to examine extent, natural history, and clinical features associated with visual impairment (VI) in patients diagnosed with ocular tuberculosis (OTB) by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1. Multi-center retrospective cohort study. Main outcomes were VI.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Review of 165 Patients with Tubercular Anterior Uveitis.

: The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Group sought to address the diagnostic uncertainty through retrospective cohort analysis of treatment regimens and therapeutic outcomes for patients with tubercular Anterior Uveitis (TAU) across international centers.: Multicentre retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with TAU between January 2004 to December 2014 that had a minimum follow-up of 1 year.: One hundred and sixty-five patients were included.

Twenty-four Month Outcomes in the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: Defining the "Cure" in Ocular Tuberculosis.

: To report the clinical findings, anatomical features, and treatment outcomes in subjects with ocular tuberculosis (OTB) at 24 months in the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1.: Of the 945 subjects included in COTS-1, those who completed a 24-month follow-up after completion of treatment were included. The main outcome measure was a number of patients with treatment failure (TF).

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Consensus (CON) Group Meeting Proceedings.

An international, expert led consensus initiative was set up by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) group to develop systematic, evidence, and experience-based recommendations for the treatment of ocular TB using a modified Delphi technique process. In the first round of Delphi, the group identified clinical scenarios pertinent to ocular TB based on five clinical phenotypes (anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, choroiditis, retinal vasculitis, and panuveitis). Using an interactive online questionnaires, guided by background knowledge from published literature, 486 consensus statements for initiating ATT were generated and deliberated amongst 81 global uveitis experts.

Multimodal Imaging in Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

Multimodal imaging relies on combination of multiple imaging modalities to precisely delineate pathological changes in the posterior segment of the eye associated with a wide range of conditions. This combined application of fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus reflectance/autofluorescence and fundus angiography (with fluorescein, indocyanine green and/or optical coherence tomography) is of great utility for assessment of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Multimodal imaging is helpful to characterize the typical pattern of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, with primary focal inflammatory involvement of the neurosensory retina, and secondary changes at the level of underlying choroid, retinal blood vessels, vitreous and even optic disc.

Tubercular Uveitis: Nuggets from Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infection that can affect the eye as first and sole presentation without features of systemic disease. Controversy exists regarding diagnosis and management of tubercular uveitis (TBU), further compounded by regional variations in disease expression. Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 aims to address knowledge deficits through collaboration amongst uveitis specialists across the globe by sharing the data of patients with TBU presented at participating centers from January 2004 to December 2014.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Description of the Spectrum of Choroidal Involvement in 245 Patients with Tubercular Uveitis.

: To contribute a global description of the spectrum of choroidal involvement in tubercular uveitis (TBU).: Retrospective cohort study of TBU patients with choroidal involvement from 25 centers between January 2004 and December 2014. Medical records of patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were reviewed.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 Report 3: Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis and Management of Tubercular Uveitis: Global Trends.

: To analyze the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of ocular fluids in management of tubercular (TB) anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. In Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1 (25 centers,  = 962), patients with TB-related uveitis were included. 59 patients undergoing PCR of intraocular fluids (18 females; 53 Asian Indians) were included.