The microbiome and acute organ injury: focus on kidneys.

The microbiome of critically ill patients is significantly altered by both effects of the illnesses and clinical interventions provided during intensive care. Studies have shown that manipulating the microbiome can prevent or modulate complications of critical illness in experimental models and preliminary clinical trials. This review aims to discuss general concepts about the microbiome, including mechanisms of modifying acute organ dysfunction.

Targeting immune cell glutamyl-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1) to prevent fibrosis after tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Glutamyl-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase 1 is an enzyme that connects glutamic acid and proline to transfer RNA during protein synthesis. In this issue, a study by Kang et al. examined the role of the immune cell glutamyl-prolyl-transfer RNA synthetase 1 in toxin-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis mice.

Microbiome modulation after severe acute kidney injury accelerates functional recovery and decreases kidney fibrosis.

Targeting gut microbiota has shown promise to prevent experimental acute kidney injury (AKI). However, this has not been studied in relation to accelerating recovery and preventing fibrosis. Here, we found that modifying gut microbiota with an antibiotic administered after severe ischemic kidney injury in mice, particularly with amoxicillin, accelerated recovery.

Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP): Role in early testicular development in relation to Sertoli cell maturation in prepubertal mice.

QRFP, an orexigenic neuropeptide, binds to its cognate receptor GPR103 and regulates various biological functions. We have recently shown that QRFP and its receptor are present in mice testes and that their expression is high during early postnatal period. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sustained high level of QRFP on Sertoli cells proliferation and differentiation and to relate these events with germ cell differentiation and lumen formation in the seminiferous tubules in mice testes during prepubertal period.

Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide 43: A putative modulator of testicular steroidogenesis.

Background: We have recently shown that QRFP and its receptor are predominantly expressed in germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in mice testes.

Objective: The present study investigated the role of QRFP in testicular steroidogenesis in mice.

Materials And Methods: Both ex vivo and in vivo experiments were performed.

Role of pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide43 in germ cell dynamics in mice testes in relation to energy metabolism.

QRFP is a neuropeptide that regulates glucose homeostasis and increases insulin sensitivity in tissues. We have previously shown that QRFP and its receptor (GPR103) are predominantly expressed in germ cells and Sertoli cells, respectively, in mice testes. In the present study, we report that QRFP caused an increase in PCNA and a decrease in p27Kip1 expressions in the testis under both in vivo and ex vivo conditions.

Long-term exposure of 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation induces stress and anxiety like behavior in rats.

Long term exposure of electromagnetic radiations (EMR) from cell phones and Wi-Fi hold greater propensity to cause anxiety disorders. However, the studies investigating the effects of repeated exposure of EMR are limited. Therefore, we investigated the effects of repeated exposure of discrete frequencies of EMR in experimental animals.

Ontogeny of QRFP and its receptor expression in mouse testis during post-natal development.

Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide (QRFP), a neuropeptide, binds to its receptor GPR103 and influences various biological functions. In the present study, expression and localization of QRFP and GPR103 in mouse testis during post-natal development were investigated. The results showed that QRFP and GPR103 and also the isoforms of the receptor, viz.

Standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08): Effect on germ cell dynamics and possible mechanisms of its beneficial action on spermatogenesis and sperm quality in male mice.

Bacopa monnieri (BM) is used in traditional medicine as nerve tonic. We have recently shown that CDRI-08, a standardized extract of BM, improves testicular functions and epididymal sperm quality in Parkes (P) mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CDRI-08 on germ cell dynamics and mechanisms of its action on spermatogenesis and sperm quality in P mice, and to determine the chemical profile of the extract.

Effect of standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08) on testicular functions in adult male mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Bacopa monnieri (BM) has been used in India since the time of Rig-Veda for augmentation of learning, memory, brain health etc.

Aim Of The Study: The memory augmenting effect of BM is well documented. CDRI-08 is a standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri, but its effect on the male reproductive health has not been investigated.