Effects of palm olein and palm stearin on cecal and fecal microbiota of C57BL/6J mice under low and high fat intakes.

This work aimed to study the effects of dietary lipid composition and content on cecal and fecal microbiota of mice fed the following diets for 8 weeks: palm olein (PO)-based low-fat diet, PO-based high-fat diet, palm stearin (PS)-based low-fat diet, and PS-based high-fat diet. Increasing the dietary PS level favored the growth of Firmicutes over Bacteroidetes in the cecum and feces. In addition, it significantly elevated the total lipid (p < 0.

The Efficacy of Breast Implant Irrigant Solutions: A Comparative Analysis Using an In Vitro Model.

Background: Infections are challenging complications of implant-based breast reconstruction and augmentation. They pose a clinical challenge, with significant economic implications. One proposed solution is implant irrigation at the time of placement.

The Arginine Deiminase Pathway Impacts Antibiotic Tolerance during Biofilm-Mediated Streptococcus pyogenes Infections.

Bacterial biofilms are responsible for a variety of serious human infections and are notoriously difficult to treat due to their recalcitrance to antibiotics. Further work is necessary to elicit a full understanding of the mechanism of this antibiotic tolerance. The arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway is responsible for bacterial pH maintenance and is highly expressed during biofilm growth in multiple bacterial species.

-Transgenic BALB/c Mice as a Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections of the Cystic Fibrosis Lung.

The opportunistic pathogen is responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality associated with cystic fibrosis (CF), a condition that predisposes patients to chronic lung infections. lung infections are difficult to treat because adapts to the CF lung, can develop multidrug resistance, and can form biofilms. Despite the clinical significance of , modeling infections in CF has been challenging.

Intraoperative Tobramycin Powder Prevents Enterobacter cloacae Surgical Site Infections in a Rabbit Model of Internal Fixation.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative tobramycin powder in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) and implant colonization with Enterobacter cloacae in a rabbit fixation model. Gram-negative rods, particularly Enterobacter species, comprise an increasing percentage of SSI at our institution.

Methods: Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent surgical fixation of the left tibia with implantation of a plate and screws.

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Palm Olein and Palm Stearin-in-Water Emulsions with Different Physical States and Fat Contents.

The impacts of lipid physical state and content on lipid digestion behavior were investigated using 4 and 20% palm olein-in-water emulsions (4% PO and 20% PO) and 4 and 20% palm stearin-in-water emulsions (4% PS and 20% PS). The changes of lipid physical state, particle size, and microstructure during gastrointestinal digestion; the free fatty acid (FFA) released in the intestinal phase; and the fatty acid composition of micellar phases were investigated. After gastric digestion, all emulsions underwent flocculation and coalescence, with 20% PS showing the most extensive aggregation.

Development of a Novel and Rapid Antibody-Based Diagnostic for Chronic Staphylococcus aureus Infections Based on Biofilm Antigens.

Prosthetic joint infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to biofilm formation by the causative pathogens. Pathogen identification relies on microbial culture that requires days to weeks, and in the case of chronic biofilm infections, lacks sensitivity. Diagnosis of infection is often delayed past the point of effective treatment such that only the removal of the implant is curative.

Minimum information guideline for spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods to assess biofilm formation in microplates.

The lack of reproducibility of published studies is one of the major issues facing the scientific community, and the field of biofilm microbiology has been no exception. One effective strategy against this multifaceted problem is the use of minimum information guidelines. This strategy provides a guide for authors and reviewers on the necessary information that a manuscript should include for the experiments in a study to be clearly interpreted and independently reproduced.

Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus from Models of Chronic Infection by Immunization Requires Both Planktonic and Biofilm Antigens.

is a causative agent of chronic biofilm-associated infections that are recalcitrant to resolution by the immune system or antibiotics. To combat these infections, an antistaphylococcal, biofilm-specific quadrivalent vaccine against an osteomyelitis model in rabbits has previously been developed and shown to be effective at eliminating biofilm-embedded bacterial populations. However, the addition of antibiotics was required to eradicate remaining planktonic populations.

The Host Immune System Facilitates Disseminated Staphylococcus aureus Disease Due to Phagocytic Attraction to Candida albicans during Coinfection: a Case of Bait and Switch.

Invasive infections account for 15 to 50% of fatal bloodstream infections annually. These disseminated infections often arise without a defined portal of entry into the host but cause high rates of mortality. The fungus and the Gram-positive bacterium can form polymicrobial biofilms on epithelial tissue, facilitated by the adhesin encoded by While a bacterium-fungus interaction is required for systemic infection, the mechanism by which bacteria disseminate from the epithelium to internal organs is unclear.

Inhibitory effects of two types of food additives on biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens.

The inhibition of microbial biofilms is a significant concern in food safety. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of sodium citrate and cinnamic aldehyde on biofilm formation at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and sub-MICs was investigated for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. The biofilm inhibition rate was measured to evaluate the effect of sodium citrate on S.

Temporal proteomic profiling reveals changes that support Burkholderia biofilms.

Melioidosis associated with opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei imparts a huge medical burden in Southeast Asia and Australia. At present there is no available human vaccine that protects against B. pseudomallei infection and antibiotic treatments are limited particularly for drug-resistant strains and bacteria in biofilm forms.

Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus under Food Heat Processing Conditions: First Report on CML Production within Biofilm.

This study aimed to evaluate the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine generation ability under food heat processing conditions including pH (5.0-9.0), temperature (25 °C, 31 °C, 37 °C, 42 °C and 65 °C), NaCl concentration (10%, 15% and 20%, w/v) and glucose concentration (0.

Microbial virulence, molecular epidemiology and pathogenic factors of fluoroquinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae infections in Guangzhou, China.

Background: Fluoroquinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae (FRHI) has been reported worldwide but remain unclear in China.

Methods: A total of 402 H. influenzae isolates collected from 2016 to 2017 were included.

Transcriptomics Study on Biofilm Under Low Concentration of Ampicillin.

is one of the representative foodborne pathogens which forms biofilm. Antibiotics are widely applied in livestock husbandry to maintain animal health and productivity, thus contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant livestock and human pathogens, and pose a significant public health threat. Effect of antibiotic pressure on biofilm formation, as well as the mechanism, remains unclear.

Induction and Recovery of the Viable but Nonculturable State of Hop-Resistance .

is a major hop-resistance bacterium which poses significant challenge for the brewing industry, mainly due to the difficulty or incapability in detection by routine culturing methodology and its beer spoilage ability.This study aimed at investigating the VBNC state of a hop-resistance strain, BM-LB13908. The culturable, total and viable numbers of cells were calculated by MRS agar plate counting, acridine orange direct count (AODC) method and Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit with fluorescence microscope.

Variations in the Organisms Causing Deep Surgical Site Infections in Fracture Patients at a Level I Trauma Center (2006-2015).

Objectives: To quantify the current bacteriology of deep surgical site infections (SSIs) after fracture surgery at 1 institution and to compare those data with historical controls at the same institution, assessing variations in infecting organisms over the past decade.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Level I trauma center.

Discovery and control of culturable and viable but non-culturable cells of a distinctive Lactobacillus harbinensis strain from spoiled beer.

Occasional beer spoilage incidents caused by false-negative isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, result in significant profit loss and pose a major concern in the brewing industry. In this study, both culturable and VBNC cells of an individual Lactobacillus harbinensis strain BM-LH14723 were identified in one spoiled beer sample by genome sequencing, with the induction and resuscitation of VBNC state for this strain further investigated. Formation of the VBNC state was triggered by low-temperature storage in beer (175 ± 1.

Complete Sequence of a Novel Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas putida Strain Carrying Two Copies of qnrVC6.

This study aimed at identification and characterization of a novel multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas putida strain Guangzhou-Ppu420 carrying two copies of qnrVC6 isolated from a hospital in Guangzhou, China, in 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Vitek2™ Automated Susceptibility System and Etest™ strips, and whole-genome sequencing facilitated analysis of its multidrug resistance. The genome has a length of 6,031,212 bp and an average G + C content of 62.

Complete genomic analysis of multidrug-resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa Guangzhou-Pae617, the host of megaplasmid pBM413.

Objectives: We previously described the novel qnrVC6 and bla carrying megaplasmid pBM413. This study aimed to investigate the complete genome of multidrug-resistance P. aeruginosa Guangzhou-Pae617, a clinical isolate from the sputum of a patient who was suffering from respiratory disease in Guangzhou, China.

Microbial infection pattern, pathogenic features and resistance mechanism of carbapenem-resistant Gram negative bacilli during long-term hospitalization.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) have become an important cause of nosocomial infections of hospitalized patients.

Methods: To investigate the microbial infection patterns and molecular epidemiology characteristics of the carbapenem-resistant GNB isolates from a long-term hospitalized patient, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic screening test for carbapenemase production, PCR screening and DNA sequencing of carbapenemase genes, repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR), multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and genetic environment analysis were performed.

Results: Twelve strains with carbapenemase genes were detected from 63 carbapenem-resistant isolates, including two bla-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one bla-carrying Citrobacter freundii, three bla-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae and six bla-carrying K.

Intraoperative Vancomycin Powder Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Surgical Site Infections and Biofilm Formation on Fixation Implants in a Rabbit Model.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative vancomycin powder in prevention of surgical site infection and biofilm formation on implants in a contaminated animal fixation model.

Methods: We created a rabbit surgical model including fixation implants at a tibial surgical site seeded with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Our study cohort included 18 rabbits.

Versatility of targeted antibiotic-loaded gold nanoconstructs for the treatment of biofilm-associated bacterial infections.

Background: We previously demonstrated that a photoactivatable therapeutic approach employing antibiotic-loaded, antibody-conjugated, polydopamine (PDA)-coated gold nanocages (AuNCs) could be used for the synergistic killing of bacterial cells within a biofilm. The approach was validated with a focus on Staphylococcus aureus using an antibody specific for staphylococcal protein A (Spa) and an antibiotic (daptomycin) active against Gram-positive cocci including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Complete sequence of pBM413, a novel multidrug resistance megaplasmid carrying qnrVC6 and bla from pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study aimed to characterise a novel multidrug resistance megaplasmid carrying qnrVC6 and bla from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Guangzhou-Pae617 isolated from a patient hospitalised in Guangzhou, China, in 2012. The plasmid pBM413 has a length of 423 017 bp and an average G + C content of 56.41%.