The Nucleocapsid (N) Proteins of Different Human Coronaviruses Demonstrate a Variable Capacity to Induce the Formation of Cytoplasmic Condensates.

To date, seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been identified. Four of these viruses typically manifest as a mild respiratory disease, whereas the remaining three can cause severe conditions that often result in death. The reasons for these differences remain poorly understood, but they may be related to the properties of individual viral proteins.

Cilia impairment in bronchial epithelial cells detected in autopsy material of SARS-CoV-2-infected patient.

Recent studies indicate that cilia impairment, accompanied by the axonema loss and the basal body misorientation, is a common pathological feature of SARS-CoV-2-infected bronchial epithelial cells. However, these data were obtained using either cultured cells, or animal models, while in human postmortem material, cilia impairment has not been described yet. Here, we present direct observation of cilia impairment in SARS-CoV-2-infected bronchial epithelial cells using transmission electron microscopy of the autopsy material.

Genetic and Epigenetic Sexual Dimorphism of Brain Cells during Aging.

In recent years, much of the attention paid to theoretical and applied biomedicine, as well as neurobiology, has been drawn to various aspects of sexual dimorphism due to the differences that male and female brain cells demonstrate during aging: (a) a dimorphic pattern of response to therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, (b) different age of onset and different degrees of the prevalence of such disorders, and (c) differences in their symptomatic manifestations in men and women. The purpose of this review is to outline the genetic and epigenetic differences in brain cells during aging in males and females. As a result, we hereby show that the presence of brain aging patterns in males and females is due to a complex of factors associated with the effects of sex chromosomes, which subsequently entails a change in signal cascades in somatic cells.

High-aperture EUV microscope using multilayer mirrors and a 3D reconstruction algorithm based on z-tomography.

The article is devoted to the development of an EUV microscope using a wavelength of 13.84 nm. Due to the use of a mirror lens with a large numerical aperture, NA = 0.

MERCs. The Novel Assistant to Neurotransmission?

In neuroscience, much attention is paid to intercellular interactions, in particular, to synapses. However, many researchers do not pay due attention to the contribution of intracellular contacts to the work of intercellular interactions. Nevertheless, along with synapses, intracellular contacts also have complex organization and a tremendous number of regulatory elements.

Intracellular Neuroprotective Mechanisms in Neuron-Glial Networks Mediated by Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a pronounced neuroprotective effect in various nervous system pathologies, including ischaemic brain damage and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we studied the effect of GDNF on the ultrastructure and functional activity of neuron-glial networks during acute hypoxic exposure, a key damaging factor in numerous brain pathologies. We analysed the molecular mechanisms most likely involved in the positive effects of GDNF.

[Threatened paradoxical embolism, massive occlusion of pulmonary artery: risk stratification, treatment policy].

Described in the article is a clinical case report regarding a male patient presenting with pulmonary thromboembolism, with a floating thrombus in the common femoral vein, in the right atrium, prolapsing into the right ventricle and propagating through a patent foramen ovale to the left atrium, thus being a threat of paradoxical embolism. The echocardiography findings demonstrated the following: mean pressure in the pulmonary artery amounting to 56 mm Hg, dilatation of the right atrium and right ventricle. The patient was subjected to simultaneous thrombectomy from the common femoral artery, from the right, left atria and pulmonary artery in conditions of cardioplegia, as well as ligation of the superficial femoral artery.

Features of Neural Network Formation and Their Functions in Primary Hippocampal Cultures in the Context of Chronic TrkB Receptor System Influence.

Discovering the mechanisms underlying homeostatic regulation in brain neural network formation and stability processes is one of the most urgent tasks in modern neuroscience. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor system have long been considered the main regulators of neuronal survival and differentiation. The elucidation of methods for studying neural network activity makes investigating the complex mechanisms underlying neural network structure reorganization during development and detecting new mechanisms for neuronal activity remodeling possible.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) counteracts hypoxic damage to hippocampal neural network function in vitro.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is regarded as a potent neuroprotector and a corrector of neural network activity in stress conditions. This work aimed to investigate the effect of GDNF on primary hippocampal cultures during acute normobaric hypoxia. Hypoxia induction was performed using day 14 in vitro cultures derived from mouse embryos (E18) with the preventive addition of GDNF (1 ng/ml) to the culture medium 10 min before oxygen deprivation.

[The effectiveness of the spa and resort-based health-promoting treatment of the schoolchildren under conditions of the continuous academic process].

Two groups of schoolchildren were included in the present study; 59 of them were allocated to the experimental group while 66 others comprised the control group. All of them were examined to estimate psychological, psycho-physiological and physiological effects of the health-promoting treatment basedon a local health resort. Mean reaction time and mean root square deviation of this parameter determined with the use of the noise-immunity test improved significantly in both groups, but the number of 'late reaction' errors declined only in the experimental group.

[Hygienic evaluation of direct heating of the air delivered to the shaft].

The paper gives the results of exploring a test pre-heating system for the air (APHS) delivered to the shaft. The system has been first used in the Urals. The supply air is heated by burning natural gas in the air current.

[The somatic health of children's home inmates with the perinatal affections of central nervous system].

The characteristics of somatic health of children's home inmates with the perinatal affections of central nervous system of slight and average severity are analyzed. It is established that these children are characterized by more frequent morbidity and formation of chronic pathology in earlier periods as compared with their coevals from families. They have significantly higher rate of background pathology and more numbers of health disorders falling to 1 child.

[Strategy of treatment of aortic stenosis complicated by total calcinosis].

The authors made an analysis of problems of strategy of surgical treatment of 132 patients with aortal stenosis complicated by calcinosis. Detailed indications to surgical treatment for stenosis of the aortal valve are given depending on the stage of the disease and complications. The nuances of the technique of performing the operation of prosthesis of the aortic valve are described.

[A 2-stage method for the surgical correction of calcified aortic stenosis in patients with an extreme degree of risk for an operation].

During the period of 1992-1998 the authors dealt with treatment of 32 patients with aortic stenosis under extreme risk of operation. All the patients were considered to be inoperable because of the severity of their state. At the first stage of operation the catheter balloon valvuloplasty (CBV) was performed for decompression of the left ventricle since it was the only possible variant at this stage of surgical treatment.

[Biological value of fish protein isolates of the Marinbeef type].

Two samples of fish protein (made in Japan) obtained from fish of different fattness: walleye pollock ("arinbeef W") and sardine ("Marinbeef R") were studied. The biological value of these protein products was estimated with varying methods. In experimental rats fed with diets, containing the "Marinbeef" samples as the only source of protein (10% according to their calorific value), growth (PER and NPR) and balance (NPUtr) parameters of biological value, nitrogenous equilibrium (delta N +/- g/day) and actual assimilation (Dtr) of the proteins were assayed.