Publications by authors named "Shirley Yu"

The retina consumes massive amounts of energy, yet its metabolism and substrate exploitation remain poorly understood. Here, we used a murine explant model to manipulate retinal energy metabolism under entirely controlled conditions and utilised H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, in situ enzyme detection, and cell viability readouts to uncover the pathways of retinal energy production. Our experimental manipulations resulted in varying degrees of photoreceptor degeneration, while the inner retina and retinal pigment epithelium were essentially unaffected.

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Background: To assess the prognostic value of short-term change in biochemical markers as it relates to bone marrow lesions (BMLs) on MRI in knee osteoarthritis (OA) over 24 months and, furthermore, to assess the relationship between biochemical markers involved with tissue turnover and inflammation and BMLs on MRI.

Methods: Data from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health OA Biomarkers Consortium within the Osteoarthritis Initiative (n = 600) was analyzed. BMLs were measured according to the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) system (0-3), in 15 knee subregions.

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Objective: We undertook this study to evaluate potential predictors of placebo response with intra-articular (IA) injections for knee/hip osteoarthritis (OA) using individual participant data (IPD) from existing trials.

Methods: Randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating IA glucocorticoid or hyaluronic acid published to September 2018 were selected. IPD for disease characteristics and outcome measures were acquired.

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Aim: To explore inflammatory ultrasound predictors of improvements in pain and function over 2, 6, and 12 months following administration of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Method: Patients with painful mild-moderate radiographic knee OA from a subset of the RESTORE RCT underwent ultrasound assessment according to the standardized OMERACT scanning protocol to detect inflammatory features such as synovitis, synovial hypertrophy, and effusion with power Doppler. The study knee was treated with 3 once-weekly PRP injections obtained after centrifugation at 1500 g for 5 min.

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intra--articular (IA) glucocorticoid for knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) in specific subgroups of patients according to the baseline severity of pain and inflammatory signs using individual patient data (IPD) from existing trials. Furthermore, this study aims to assess if a baseline pain cut-off was associated with clinically important effectiveness of IA glucocorticoid. This is an update of an IA glucocorticoid IPD meta-analysis by the OA Trial Bank.

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Time management is one central aspect of students' self-regulated learning. In addition, biased time estimation seems to be central to students' self-regulation of their time. In this study, we explored college students' time estimation bias.

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The cellular mechanisms underlying hereditary photoreceptor degeneration are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically map the transcriptional changes that occur in the degenerating mouse retina at the single cell level. To this end, we employed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and retinal degeneration-1 () mice to profile the impact of the disease mutation on the diverse retinal cell types during early post-natal development.

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Background: In osteoarthritis (OA) clinical trials, reliable and responsive outcome measures to document physical and functional improvements are limited.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the use of an activity tracker in an OA clinical trial is a responsive measurement tool. Secondary objectives assessed feasibility and validity.

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Importance: Most clinical guidelines do not recommend platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for knee osteoarthritis (OA) because of lack of high-quality evidence on efficacy for symptoms and joint structure, but the guidelines emphasize the need for rigorous studies. Despite this, use of PRP in knee OA is increasing.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of intra-articular PRP injections on symptoms and joint structure in patients with symptomatic mild to moderate radiographic medial knee OA.

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Aims: To determine: 1) inter-rater reliability of quantitative measurements of ultrasound-detected synovitis, meniscal extrusion, and osteophytes; and 2) construct (convergent) validity via correlations and absolute agreements between ultrasound- and gold-standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-outcomes in knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Dynamic ultrasound images for supra-patellar synovitis, meniscal extrusion, and osteophytes were acquired and quantified by a physician operator, musculoskeletal ultrasonographer, and medical student independently. On the same day, 3T MRI images were acquired.

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Objective: To develop a bank of text messages for a lifestyle-based self-management intervention for people with low back pain (LBP).

Design: Iterative development process.

Setting: Community and primary care.

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Objective: To provide a summary of the translational gaps in musculoskeletal research as identified in the Mine the Gap workshop and propose possible solutions.

Methods: The Mine the Gap online workshop was hosted on October 14th and 15th, 2020. Five international panels, each comprised of a clinician, clinical researcher and basic scientist, presented gaps and proposed solutions for the themes of biomechanics, pain, biological measurements, phenotypes and imaging.

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Background: Motivational barriers and lack of knowledge about peer review inhibit creation of supportive peer feedback between nursing students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of knowledge of peer-review practices and value for the process of creating supportive peer feedback on the quality of feedback nursing students create for their peers.

Method: Data from 155 graduate nursing students were analyzed in this quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design, using analysis of covariance and conditional process analysis.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to explore how ultrasound scores from the OMERACT protocol relate to pain severity and other symptoms in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA).
  • Participants with mild to moderate knee OA underwent ultrasound assessments, and results were compared to their pain levels and OA severity measured via different scales.
  • Findings showed that certain ultrasound features, like synovial hypertrophy and meniscal extrusion, were linked to more severe pain and worse symptoms, indicating that these ultrasound scores could be useful in assessing OA severity.
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Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent joint condition that continues to increase with an ever-aging population and the rising tide of obesity. There are multiple recommendations/guidelines for the management of osteoarthritis. The basis of management should focus on self-management and education, lifestyle modifications, exercise and when appropriate, weight loss.

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We compared the assessment of active synovitis in knee osteoarthritis (OA) by utilising superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and conventional power Doppler (cPD) techniques, and then correlated each technique with paients' symptoms, radiographic features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected synovitis. A subgroup of participants with symptomatic knee OA underwent dynamic ultrasound assessment for semi-quantitative scores for SMI and cPD in the suprapatellar, medial and lateral parapatellar knee recesses. Knee pain and other symptoms were evaluated with the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS).

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition with limited safe and effective treatment options. Intra-articular therapies are increasingly being used, however whether the effect of these agents is due to active treatment or placebo remains unclear. As the placebo response can be attributed to multiple factors, assessment of the placebo response using individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis will give insight into the different modifiers of response to placebo.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability among adults with a current prevalence of around 15% and a predicted prevalence of 35% in 2030 for symptomatic OA. It is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous multi-faceted joint disease with multi-tissue involvement of varying severity. Current therapeutic regimens for OA are only partially effective and often have significant associated toxicities.

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Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes substantial pain, physical dysfunction and impaired quality of life. There is no cure for knee OA, and for some people, the disease may involve progressive symptomatic and structural deterioration over time. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic agent that aims to address underlying biological processes responsible for OA pathogenesis.

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OA is a chronic, progressive and disabling joint disease, leading to a poor quality of life and an enormous social and economic burden. Current therapies for OA patients remain limited, which creates an area of huge unmet medical need. For some time, researchers have been looking for approaches that can inhibit the structural progression of OA.

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Introduction: Conventional medical therapies for osteoarthritis are mainly palliative in nature, aiming to control pain and symptoms. Traditional intra-articular therapies are not recommended in guidelines as first line therapy, but are potential alternatives, when conventional therapies have failed.

Areas Covered: Current and future intra-articular drug therapies for osteoarthritis are highlighted, including corticosteroids, hyaluronate, and more controversial treatments marketed commercially, namely platelet rich plasma and mesenchymal cell therapy.

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Management of osteoarthritis should be based on a combination of non-drug and drug treatments targeted towards prevention, modifying risk and disease progression. Obesity is the most important modifiable risk factor, so losing weight in addition to land- and water-based exercise and strength training is important. While paracetamol can be tried, guidelines recommend non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as first-line treatment for osteoarthritis.

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