Epidemiology of Reported HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections During the COVID-19 Pandemic, New York City.

Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, a statewide executive order (PAUSE) severely restricted the movement of New Yorkers from 23 March to 7 June 2020. We used New York City surveillance data for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis to describe trends in diagnosis and reporting surrounding PAUSE. During PAUSE, the volume of positive HIV/sexually transmitted infection tests, and diagnoses of HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis declined substantially, reaching a nadir in April before rebounding.

Environmental factors associated with blood lead among newcomer women from South and East Asia in the Greater Toronto Area.

Background: Newcomers bring with them histories of environmental exposure in their home countries and may have different sources of lead (Pb) exposure compared to other residents of their adopted country.

Aims: To describe past and current factors associated with Pb exposure and blood Pb among South and East Asian newcomer women of reproductive age in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Ontario, Canada.

Methods: In collaboration with public health units and community organizations a community-based research model was utilized by recruiting peer researchers to assist in all aspects of the study.

Metal Concentrations in Newcomer Women and Environmental Exposures: A Scoping Review.

Newcomer women from developing countries are recognized to be at risk for elevated exposures to environmental contaminants and associated negative health effects. As such, data on exposure sources and contaminant body burden concentrations is critical in the development of effective public health policies and interventions in support of newcomer health. We conducted a scoping review to gather evidence on important toxic metals of health concern, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd), and their concentrations and potential exposure sources among newcomer women.

Competition between an avoidance response and a safety signal: evidence for a single learning system.

Two experiments examined competition between an instrumental avoidance response and a Pavlovian safety signal for association with omission of electric shock in a human fear conditioning paradigm. Self-reported shock expectancies and skin conductance responses were consistent with blocking of learning of the instrumental contingency by prior training of the Pavlovian contingency, and vice versa. The results support the idea that a common learning mechanism underlies both Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning.

Mathematical learning disorder in school-age children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objectives: To explore the prevalence of mathematics disorder (MD) relative to reading disorders (RD) in school-age children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examine the effects of age, sex, cooccurring conduct disorder (CD), and ADHD subtype on this comorbidity.

Methods: Participants were school-age children (n = 476) with confirmed DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD. The assessment included semistructured parent and teacher interviews and standardized measures of intelligence, academic attainment, and language abilities.

Predictive validity of DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria for ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder.

Background: The goal of this study was to compare the predictive validity of the two main diagnostic schemata for childhood hyperactivity - attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual- IV) and hyperkinetic disorder (HKD; International Classification of Diseases- 10th Edition).

Methods: Diagnostic criteria for ADHD and HKD were used to classify 419 children ages 6 to 16 years referred to a clinic for behavioral problems into one of four groups: HKD, ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C), ADHD hyperactive-impulsive subtype (ADHD-HI), ADHD inattentive subtype (ADHD-IA). These groups were compared on clinical characteristics including total symptom severity, overall impairment, exposure to psychosocial and neuro-developmental risks, family history of ADHD in first-degree family members, rate and type of comorbidity, intelligence, academic achievement, and on laboratory tests of motor response inhibition and working memory with each other and with normal controls (47).

Performance monitoring and response inhibition in anxiety disorders with and without comorbid ADHD.

Anxiety disorder (ANX) is characterized by heightened arousal, psychosocial and academic difficulties, and comorbidity with other disorders, in particular, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The heightened arousal contributes to cognitive impairment by adversely affecting executive control of cognition. The nature of the effect on executive control is poorly understood.

The parent interview for child symptoms: a situation-specific clinical research interview for attention-deficit hyperactivity and related disorders.

Objective: To describe the properties of a semistructured research interview of parents designed to evaluate attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related psychopathology.

Method: We examined interrater reliability in 48 videotaped interviews randomly selected from a large clinic sample. We examined convergence of the Parent Interview for Child Symptoms (PICS) and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) scores in 594 clinic-referred cases and 26 control subjects, comparing the groups generated by cross-tabulation on measures of intelligence, academic achievement, and inhibitory control.