Debye-Waller effects in Bethe-Salpeter calculations: Bridging the gap between XANES and EXAFS.

We present a method to incorporate Debye-Waller effects on core-excitation spectra within frameworks other than real-space, multiple-scattering formulations. The method draws ideas used in multiple-scattering theory to realize effects of variations in interatomic distances, and the method accomplishes this without benefit of the atom-by-atom nature in which multiple-scattering calculations are formulated. We test the method in four metals and one semiconductor over a range of temperatures and compare all theoretical results to experiment.

Mental Skills for Orthopaedic Surgery.

Orthopaedic surgery training focuses primarily on the knowledge base and surgical techniques that comprise the fundamental and physical pillars of performance. It also pays much less attention to the mental pillar of performance than does the training of other specialists such as aviators, elite athletes, musicians, and Special Forces operators. However, mental skills optimize the ability to achieve the ideal state during surgery that includes absolute focus with the right amount of confidence and stress.

Attitudes and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccination in the population with chronic HIV infection: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected population has been increasing during the last 3 years worldwide. Moreover, simultaneously, COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials were launched. By the end of 2020, the Food and Drug Administration had authorized the emergency use of two messenger RNA vaccines against COVID-19.

The Surgical Instrument Sterilization Process: What Every Surgeon Should Know.

» The phases of the sterilization process for surgical equipment are cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization.» Following manufacturer and regulatory guidelines will minimize contamination throughout the sterilization process.» Immediate use steam sterilization, when used appropriately, is a reasonably safe option to be used at the discretion of the operating surgeon.

Fast, efficient, and accurate dielectric screening using a local real-space approach.

Various many-body perturbation theory techniques for calculating electron behavior rely on , the screened Coulomb interaction. Computing requires complete knowledge of the dielectric response of the electronic system, and the fidelity of the calculated dielectric response limits the reliability of predicted electronic and structural properties. As a simplification, calculations often begin with the random-phase approximation (RPA).

Partial densities of states from x-ray absorption and Auger electron spectroscopy: Use of core-hole memory.

Ag edge x-ray absorption and - Auger electron spectra have been measured and simulated for a variety of x-ray electric-field polarization and Auger electron emission directions. The theory relies on density-functional theory, use of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, atomic multiplet theory, and a simplified model for the Auger line shape and its dependence on photon energy. We also demonstrate that partial densities of states for , , and symmetry partial-wave channels at the Ag site in the solid can be deduced from the experimental measurements with only atomic theoretical input, i.

Gut adaptation after gastric bypass in humans reveals metabolically significant shift in fuel metabolism.

Objective: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is among the most effective therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes, and intestinal adaptation is a proposed mechanism for these effects. It was hypothesized that intestinal adaptation precedes and relates to metabolic improvement in humans after RYGB.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, first-in-human study of gene expression (GE) in the "Roux limb" (RL) collected surgically/endoscopically from 19 patients with and without diabetes.

Revisiting the K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure of Si, Ge-Si alloys, and the isoelectronic series: CuBr, ZnSe, GaAs, and Ge.

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has evolved into an unprecedented local-structure technique that is routinely used to study materials' problems in the biological, chemical, and physical sciences. Like many other experimental techniques, EXAFS also requires that several key atomic parameters must be known before structural information can be quantitatively determined. Utilizing current analytical methods, we revisit the isoelectronic series CuBr, ZnSe, GaAs, and Ge originally studied by Stern during the early development of EXAFS [E.

Five-year attrition, active enrollment, and predictors of level of participation in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-2) study.

Background: Reporting high-quality bariatric surgery outcomes depends on participant attrition and level of study participation among enrolled participants.

Objectives: Our aims are to report participant attrition, active enrollment, and level of participation, and to evaluate pre-surgery sociodemographic, physical health, and psychosocial factors as predictors of attrition and level of participation through 5 years.

Setting: The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 study which enrolled 2458 adults undergoing a first bariatric surgical procedure at 1 of 6 US cites from 2006 through 2009.

Optimizing the Orthopaedic Consult.

Providing orthopaedic call coverage is a core requirement for orthopaedic surgery residents. Developing proper call habits and routines during residency is critical to becoming an attending surgeon who provides high-quality call coverage and consultations without difficulty. Although patient acuity and call duration and frequency may vary among rotations and hospitals, the fundamentals remain the same.

Design, calibration, and application of a cryogenic low-background infrared radiometer for spectral irradiance and radiance measurements from 4 μm to 20 μm wavelength.

We have constructed, calibrated, and tested a cryogenic low-background infrared radiometer for both spectral radiance and irradiance measurements over the 4 μm to 20 μm wavelength range. The primary purpose of the Missile Defense Transfer Radiometer (MDXR) is to measure absolute irradiance or radiance from cryogenic infrared test chamber sources using a photoconductive Si:As Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detector and a set of spectral filters. The MDXR also includes an absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR) and a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS).

Can a Checklist Improve the Informed Consent Process?

Informed consent often fails to provide patients and families with a full understanding of the proposed procedure. We developed an informed consent checklist for identifying specific aspects of the surgical consent that were not fully understood by families. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of using this checklist on families' knowledge, satisfaction, experience, and decisional conflict during the consent process.

Core hole processes in x-ray absorption and photoemission by resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy and first-principles theory.

Electron-core hole interactions are critical for proper interpretation of core-level spectroscopies commonly used as analytical tools in materials science. Here we utilize resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy to uniquely identify exciton, shake, and charge-transfer processes that result from the sudden creation of the core hole in both x-ray-absorption and photoemission spectra. These effects are captured for the transition-metal compounds SrTiO and MoS by fully , combined real-time cumulant, and Bethe-Salpeter equation approaches to account for core hole dynamics and screening.

Charge-transfer satellites and chemical bonding in photoemission and x-ray absorption of SrTiO and rutile TiO: Experiment and first-principles theory with general application to spectroscopic analysis.

First-principles, real-time-cumulant, and Bethe-Salpeter-equation calculations fully capture the detailed satellite structure that occurs in response to the sudden creation of the core hole in both photoemission and x-ray absorption spectra of the transition-metal compounds SrTiO and rutile TiO. Analysis of the excited-state, real-space charge-density fluctuations betrays the physical nature of these many electron excitations that are shown to reflect the materials' solid-state electronic structure and chemical bonding. This first-principles development of the cumulant-based core hole spectral function is generally applicable to other systems and should become a standard tool for all similar spectroscopic analysis going beyond the quasiparticle physics of the photoelectric effect.

A new model dielectric function for loss functions and electron damping.

Trends in the zeroth frequency moment of the imaginary part of the dielectric function are studied for a wide range of metals, semiconductors and insulators. These results are combined with estimates for the inverse-first moment (related by Kramers-Kronig relations to the static dielectric function) and knowledge of the first moment from the f-sum rule. Matching all three moments allows for construction of a model dielectric function that reasonably predicts the loss function at different values of momentum and lifetime damping effects on occupied and unoccupied electron states.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura patients' attitudes toward depression management: A qualitative study.

Background And Aims: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disorder characterized by acute episodes of systemic microvascular thrombosis; TTP is more common in adults, women, and African-Americans (Blacks). Our Oklahoma TTP Registry documented that survivors have an increased prevalence of depression compared with the general population; however, many patients' depression remains untreated. Moreover, studies identifying attitudes toward depression management are lacking.

Alternatives to Traditional Cast Immobilization in Pediatric Patients.

Casts are commonly used for fracture management and postoperative immobilization in pediatric patients. However, cast immobilization is not without complications (eg, thermal injuries, pressure sores, infection, and neurovascular injury) and may be associated with additional costs and increased loss of school/work days for cast removal or other complications. The disadvantages of traditional casting can be minimized by alternative management strategies: waterproof casts to facilitate bathing and swimming; a Pavlik harness in infants, a single-leg spica cast, or flexible intramedullary nails to avoid complications with double-leg spica casts for femur fractures; and braces or splints to manage buckle and minimally displaced distal radius fractures, toddler's fractures, and stable foot/ankle fractures.

Common Elements in Surgical Site Infection Care Bundles for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis at North American Pediatric Institutions: A Survey of POSNA QSVI Challenge Participants.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis is a difficult complication, with little information published regarding the best preventative comprehensive care plan. The Spine Subgroup of the Quality, Safety, Value Initiative (QSVI) committee of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America undertook a survey to generate an overview of bundle elements in comprehensive SSI care bundles across institutions in North America. The purpose of this study was to develop a toolkit of SSI care bundle elements that could be used in developing future SSI care bundles.

Sustained Glycemic Control With Ivacaftor in Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes.

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common comorbidity in cystic fibrosis with pancreatic insufficiency occurring early in the disease process. Current treatment is exogenous insulin therapy as CFRD is due to impaired insulin secretion. Recent small studies have shown improvement in endogenous insulin secretion with a short period of ivacaftor therapy in primarily pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations amenable to potentiation.

Trust in scientists and rates of noncompliance with a fisheries rule in the Brazilian Pantanal.

Natural resource rules exist to control resources and the people that interact with them. These rules often fail because people do not comply with them. Decisions to comply with natural resource rules often are based on attitudes about legitimacy of rules and the perceived risks of breaking rules.

The Feasibility of Examining the Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Intestinal Metabolism: Prospective, Longitudinal Mechanistic Clinical Trial.

Background: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the best treatment for severe obesity and its complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial metabolic effects will help to engineer ways to improve the procedure or produce these effects without surgery.

Objective: The aim is to present data on recruitment and feasibility of a translational study designed to collect intestinal samples before and after bariatric surgery.

Growth-Friendly Spine Surgery in Escobar Syndrome.

Background: The aims of this study were to characterize the spinal deformity of patients with Escobar syndrome, describe results of growth-friendly treatments, and compare these results with those of an idiopathic early-onset scoliosis (EOS) cohort to determine whether the axial stiffness in Escobar syndrome limited correction.

Methods: We used 2 multicenter databases to review the records of 8 patients with EOS associated with Escobar syndrome who had at least 2-year follow-up after initiation of growth-friendly treatment from 1990 to 2016. An idiopathic EOS cohort of 16 patients matched for age at surgery (±1 y), postoperative follow-up (±1 y), and initial curve magnitude (±10 degrees) was identified.